How Is Dramatic Tension Created in Act 2 Scene 2 of Macbeth Free Essays

Shakespear composed the play ‘Macbeth’ in the sixteenth century and its set in the eleventh century. The various topics investigated in this play are Power, Fate, Destiny, Evil just as the unnatural. The play is about Macbeth attempting to pick up power in savage manners in view of the forecasts the three witches made. We will compose a custom exposition test on How Is Dramatic Tension Created in Act 2 Scene 2 of Macbeth? or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Woman Macbeth assumes a significant job all through the play too as a ground-breaking elizabethan lady. In Act 2 Scene 2 Macbeth begins going crazy because of the blame and we see an adjustment in his character directly before this scene Macbeth’s executed the lord and now is ceasing to exist of blame. This is an extremely vital scene in the play as I accept this is the defining moment of the play as after this scene more wrongdoing is commited as well. The scene starts with Lady Macbeth talking. The crowd comprehends that Lady Macbeth is sitting tight for her significant other to come back from commiting the wrongdoing. Woman Macbeth is by all accounts excited and unsettled, disclosing to herself that its all going to be alright. She feels bold and courageous, the crowd gets this thought as she continues rehashing her arrangement again and again and over again believeing in herself feeling â€Å"bold† guaranteeing she has â€Å"fire†. Woman Macbeth comes out as a solid Elizabethan lady who has confidence in her own capacity to control and control Macbeth the manner in which she prefers it. She first says â€Å"that what hath made them alcoholic, hath made intense; What hath quench’d them, hath give me fire† this is her truism she is energized as she accepts that her better half is going to accomplish significance and become the lord, his arrangements have made her enthusiastic about the demise of Duncan or would she say she is attempting to persuade herself that she is on the whole correct to design the homicide? A Shakespearian crowd would begin to accept that she is a witch as in Shakespeare times they firmly put stock in witches. Motivation behind why Shakespear composed this play was because of King James the first’s fixation on black magic. A Shakespearen crowd would be dismayed as they would anticipate that a lady in those occasions should be very obident and honest. Shes intended to speak to her better half anyway Lady Macbeth acts much in an unexpected way. This gives the feeling that she is turned as she considers murder to be something so inconsequential and has no sentiment of blame at all, to a degree of arranging the demise of the Duncan.. A ruler additionally in those occasions is supposed to be as a â€Å"messanger of God† along these lines slaughtering a God’s messanger would be something that could lead upto capital punishment. A cutting edge crowd would not be as stunned as a Shakespearn crowd as society has now changed and such conduct is extremely expected in a lady too yet some may differ and act amazed as ladies are believed to be the more powerless, defenseless ones in the public eye and could never anticipate that them should act as such. Macbeth enters when the wrongdoing is commited. Woman Macbeth makes a point to welcome him. Sensational pressure first beginnings when Lady Macbeth says ‘the owl shout and the crickets cry’. To a cutting edge crowd, this has no importance however during Shakespearean occasions these clamors were indications of somebody who has passed on/death. Additionally, something abhorrent and unatural. Short sentences are utilized to develop emotional strain. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth utilize one worded addresses and pose short inquiries. For instance: ‘When? ’ ‘Now. ’ ‘As I dropped? ’ ‘Ay. ’ This develops strain as the peruser may trust Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are frightened so the discussion is short and smart. On the off chance that this scene was re-instituted the entertainer would peruse this in a quieted voice and a peaceful tone as they wouldn’t need to get captured. The crowd knows that Macbeth has commited a wrongdoing. The crowd would start to feel mindful and strain develops in light of the fact that what occurs next isn't predicatble, the crowd isn't sure on the off chance that they would get captured or heard by somebody. This is the place things begin to get a wind and this scene gets additionally intriguing as we see an adjustment in the characters. This is the place Macbeth’s franticness begins just as his blame and the dread that individuals will find what has occurred. The subject of blame is then developed all through this scene. Woman Macbeth appears to keep her sentences short in this piece of the scene as she imagines that Macbeth is beginning to go crazy. She makes statements, for example, â€Å"Consider it not all that deeply† she doesn’t need to befuddle him furthur or needs him to feel any feeling of blame as this would ruin her disguise. Macbeth says â€Å"I had most need of gift, and ‘Amen’ Stuck in my throat† He wont state a blessed word as hes conflicted with the entirety of The heavenly privileges of Kings which implies he has additionally conflicted with God. The crowd comprehends his blame and feels anyway they realize he fouled up and furthermore conflicted with his religion in this way it’s justifiable that Macbeth ought to endure with his blame. Religion is appeared now. Woman Macbeth pays heed to Macbeth’s condition and attempts to sound good to him For instance ‘These deeds must not be thought, After these ways; in this way, it will make us mad’. She ensures herself and is self-assured. The crowd can see no indications of disappointment or blame with her at all. The topic of nature and blame are continually rehashed all through this scene. ‘Sleep no more! Macbeth murders sleep’ which recommends that individuals will be in dread that Macbeth is left free. Rest is nature’s method of recuperating an individual and Macbeth can’t get any as he conflicted with all the principles of nature †â€Å"Sleep no more; Macbeth will rest no more†. Macbeth says ‘I heard a voice cry’. This recommends hes going crazy as he hears different voices in his mind. The steady redundancy of referal to nature and religion accentuates his blame and lament; He realizes he fouled up and rehashing it helps him to remember that. Macbeth feels confounded and defenseless as his craziness gets hard to manage. Woman Macbeth begins to pay heed to Macbeth’s frenzy and attempts to assume responsibility for it. Subjects of blame and lament are still continued. Woman Macbeth attempts to inforce her words on him, For instance ‘Infirm of direction! As though shes instructing him to acknowledge the realities and proceed onward. Woman Macbeth despite everything gives no indications of blame or lament. She is baffled and nearly yelling at him, compelling him into accepting the manner in which she does. Her manner of speaking and utilization of language is cruel which assaults Macbeth’s pride and sense of self as a man. She i ntellectually controls him into speculation her way. Woman Macbeth takes control and is roused by the need to not get captured and by the eagerness of intensity so then she can turn into the sovereign. The crowd can indeed observe her manipulative side and feels thoughtful towards Macbeth. She advises Macbeth to give her the knifes; she causes Macbeth to feel pointless and little as an individual, straightforwardly assaulting his pride as a man. Macbeth’s frenzy keeps on deteriorating. Woman Macbeth says â€Å"My hands are of your shading; yet I disgrace To wear a heart so white† She causes him to feel that he done likewise wrongdoing as her however shes entirely fine yet hes acting like a quitter, she continues assaulting his pride with the goal that she gets what she looks for from him. As during Shakespearean occasions, pride and respect implied a lot of significance. Macbeth doesn’t show any of this now. Turning into the sovereign is the most significant inspiration for her right now. Shes driven by her need and avarice for power. Utilization of language is utilized to manufacture pressure, Shakespeare utilizes a metaphor to communicate Macbeth’s blame and the topic of disappointment. For instance ‘Will all extraordinary Neptune’s sea wash this blood clean from my hands? ’ This discloses to me that Macbeth feels extremely remorseful hes contrasting what he did as large an arrangement as the entire sea saying Macbeth would require a sea so huge for him to be excused or to wipe away the proof of his wrongdoing and wash this wrongdoing, this blood off their mind. Additionally ‘The countless oceans in incarnadine, making the green one red’. This symbolism of blood and red is rehashed and misrepresented which at that point connects to blame and the topic of blood. Short sentences and commotion, for example, ‘Knocking’ is utilized over and again to develop pressure, the dread that anybody will discover keeps them restless. Emotional strain is made all through this scene by the utilization of language, short sentences, overstatements, redundancy and symbolism. This scene is a significant one in the play as this is the place we see an adjustment in the characters and theres a curve in the story. This makes tension and makes it erratic so the crowd needs to realize what will occur straightaway and keep them intrigued and needing more. Exaggerations underline the pivotal topics in this scene like how Macbeth needs the seas to portray his blame and lament. Redundancy makes the activity ceaseless and appear to be significant as its being rehashed a few times and short sentences accelerate the pace of which the activities occur at and help develop strain. The most effective method to refer to How Is Dramatic Tension Created in Act 2 Scene 2 of Macbeth?, Papers

The Social Significance of the Blues and its Impact on Jazz essays

The Social Significance of the Blues and its Impact on Jazz papers The Social Significance of the Blues and its Impact on Jazz To comprehend the part played by the blues in American culture, we have to consider what mental engravings the blacks acquired from the long stretches of subjugation just as what social and aesthetic structures existed during those occasions. The spirituals, estate melodies, work tunes, banjo music, fiddle tunes and moves. Every one of these components were available, and to see how and why the blues developed toward the finish of the nineteenth century, we should initially take a gander at the general public of subjection. In 1661 the province of Virginia legitimized bondage and different settlements before long followed. At the hour of the American War of Independence (1775-1783), the Northern states proclaimed bondage illicit, yet the South didn't. The abundance of the Southern land proprietors relied upon it, as did the success of the slave merchants of Bistrol and Liverpool. At the point when the slave exchange was authoritatively annulled in 1807, the Southern states for all intents and purposes overlooked it and illegal exchange proceeded. The boycott had the impact of expanding the estimation of slaves and rearing was strengthened. It was the American Civil War of 1861-1865 which at last managed the final knockout to subjugation in the South. Torn from their own condition, startled and befuddled, the overcomers of the Atlantic intersection carried with them what little they could of their own specific manner of life. Be that as it may, for most of the Africans, their way of life was quickly smothered. 2. Clans were intentionally separated, their strict practices prohibited and most of their music stopped. There wasnt any conventional methods for correspondence among the slaves in the fields, so as a type of correspondence and solace they would sing. As a type of music or a kind of tune, the blues didn't originate from the hour of bondage. Slaves never sang what... <!

Shakespeare in the Bush Essay Example

Shakespeare in the Bush Essay The article â€Å"Shakespeare in the Bush† by Laura Bohannan gives individual record and reflections on author’s visit to the Tiv individuals who live in the West Africa. All things considered, Bohannan seems both creator and storyteller of the piece giving to the crowd translation of Hamlet as she related the entire story. In the article the writer attempts to characterize what is correct and what's up guaranteeing that these ideas are all inclusive. She concedes that specific certainties can stay without changes notwithstanding areas, spaces and times since truth is endless: â€Å"I fought that human instinct is practically the equivalent the entire world over; in any event the general plot and inspiration of the more noteworthy disasters would consistently be cleareverywherealthough a few subtleties of custom may must be clarified and challenges of interpretation may create other slight changes.†. In the article the writer presents the paradox of confusion of truth and she will in general demonstrate that to individuals who weren’t raised in the conventions of western world, Hamlet was essentially brilliant illustration of brave code. Tiv individuals couldn’t comprehend the very idea of Hamlet and interrogated Bohannan both concerning his activities, contemplations and inspiration. Be that as it may, it is underlined that Tiv individuals exchanged in their decision Hamlet’s character. For instance, they thought about Hamlet as unrefined, wretched and terrible character. Further, Tiv individuals noticed that Hamlet couldn't govern on the grounds that he ventured back confronting perils and lines of outline were on his activities. With the movement of Shakespeare’s play, Tiv individuals felt much more hatred and lack of respect for the character and they concluded that their underlying reflections that Hamlet was malicious were demonstrated by and by. Besides, Hamlet was viewed as beset with franticness and craziness and, accordingly, he neglected to be responsible for activities taken.  Nevertheless, rather intriguing snapshot of the article is the way that what is viewed as truth in one culture, might be viewed as shrewd in another. In other culture truth might be just basically features of human mind. We will compose a custom exposition test on Shakespeare in the Bush explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Shakespeare in the Bush explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Shakespeare in the Bush explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Works Cited Bohannan, Laura. (1971). Shakespeare in the Bush. Accessible at http://www.cc.gatech.edu/individuals/home/idris/Essays/Shakes_in_Bush.htm

Reflection of Your Essay

Reflection of Your EssayReflection, reflection and more reflection: This is a wonderful description of reflective essay help that you can find online. When an essay is properly structured and designed, it could easily become a reflection of one's own self, though most people would agree that the title and theme should be influenced by the author's topic and opinion. And since writing is such a personal activity, you need to work hard in order to be successful.Since writing comes with the actual development of ideas and thinking processes, the right attitude is an essential ingredient of effective writing. Everyone is different, and therefore their thoughts and attitudes may also vary from what others may consider as being professional. In order to become better, you have to practice good writing habits and to study about new writing methods and strategies. The purpose of this article is to help you discover the effective essay help that you will need.Writing may be a rewarding thing but it is also stressful. Being conscious of the needs of the writer and the uniqueness of the person's situation is not easy. It may make the task seem arduous, and it is also a great benefit to know the rules that you should abide by when writing. The very first thing you should know when writing is not the content of the essay but the need for some time to fix the paper. Whenever you have a computer at home or anywhere else, your problems and difficulties can be written down so that you will know what to do in those circumstances.Reflect on your writing and see if it makes sense. If you realize that your essay is redundant, it is time to revise it. You should try to rephrase and add some substance to the essay.The last thing you should think about when you write is the need to follow the principle of literacy. Your writing should represent your views in a clear and concise manner. When writing essays, there are times when things get a little vague and you tend to lose readers by slipping into generalities. Your writing should be that which allows your readers to understand what you are trying to say without losing the meaning behind the words.Most of the experts recommend the reflection of one's own thoughts when writing a reflective essay. However, many people who are new to writing tend to repeat the same thing over again, making it look like they don't understand what they are writing. The best way to avoid this mistake is to keep rereading the written material because it will reveal to you what your focus was when you are writing.To be able to avoid repeating yourself, you should look into the essays of people who have already written reflective essays before you. Reading these writings can give you a clear idea of what to write, and how you should proceed when you are writing your own essay. You can even read books about writing to enhance your comprehension skills, as well as to help you become a better writer.There are different types of writing, and writing essays is no exception. You can choose to simply read existing literature or you can look for the types of writing you may need in order to write your own essay. You should keep in mind that for the success of your essay, it is imperative that you have your own opinions and it is necessary to be unique in the process of writing. The better you are at recognizing what you want and need in order to express it, the more creative and original your essay will be.

Global Studies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Worldwide Studies - Research Paper Example The inconvenience reality is discovered through the examination and investigation of legislative issues in various pieces of the world. While heft of the African landmass is portrayed by devastated reality, there are exemptions that conjure genuine deduction past a pre considered mentality. One of the models given by James Robinson and Daron Acemoglu is that of Botswana-a minnow state in mainland, yet its standing contrasted with the neighboring district is undeniably increasingly extraordinary as far as the social and financial degree of success. Its remaining as far as the per capita pay permits it a seat among any semblance of Costa Rica, Argentina and Russia. The exceptionally close to neighboring zone containing any semblance of Congo and different names of desperate delineate a sorry story of issues in political and financial space. Subsequently it is the doing of nearby cerebrum, inside appraisal and organization that decide the general viewpoint of a country as far as its pro sperity or disappointment. Other comparable model introduced by the creator is that of the Korean Peninsula. The two bordering neighbors (South Korea and North Korea) appreciate an alternate degree of social standing, thriving, GDP, per capita salary). The socioeconomics of the two nations are as indistinguishable as the organic twins, yet it is the strategies, moving of the monetary and political action that prompts either thriving of neediness. Similar stands valid on the GDP per capita pay of the two countries with South Korea positioned at a place of 48 (World bank Indicators) while North Korea at the absolute bottom of the rundown, all to the inward approaches and needs. The previous received a strategy that was individuals well disposed, guided monetary action, gave opportunity on business fronts, consolidated organizations locally and abroad. It is the attitude inside that confines success. Number of occasions and follows can be extricated from the period of Industrial upset. Mechanical transformation was one occasion in the cutting edge history that fundamentally changed the viewpoint of organizations, economy and nations remaining among others. Anyway regardless of the powerful nearness of such a lively power of modern insurgency certain social orders neglected to accomplish the objectives and natural product from the capability of mechanical upset. One of the nation that remains at the highest priority on this rundown is Russia. Driven by a Tsarist ruler, Peter The Great, the dread of people’s strengthening prompted the separating of innovation, headways from individuals. The decision tip top expected that the weapon of progress and thriving by means of Industrial upheaval would give individuals more capacity to act, think and react as needs be. His capacity, authority, assets, conceptualizing, think tank, all were vested around the reinforcing of the political grasp as opposed to capitalizing on the important pearl that had been skilled to th e whole Europe in type of modern unrest. Subsequently the upkeep of the norm requested keeping the successful device of mechanical upheaval from the individuals. The rot procedure was not simply restricted to inside incubation center of unfair acts, rather the procedure of stagnation, detachment and misuse was practiced and supported by the outside power as Colonial forces interruption into various social orders. The pilgrim patterns brought about a noticeable bay between local people and the usurpers who had commandingly crippled the way of life and society of local people in that. Adam Smith has put his considerations and research in deciding the

Physics Tutor Quantum Mechanics in the 5th Century

Welcome back to our series on the wonderful strangeness of quantum measurement! In this final post, let’s see what an ancient Greek philosopher has to tell us about the working of modern quantum mechanics. The philosopher Zeno lived in a Greek colony off the coast of Italy during the 5th century BCE. He was born just before Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, at a time when Rome over on the mainland was a fledgling little city-state. He is famous today for his paradoxes, which force us to consider the basic facts of time and space in a new and counter-intuitive way. Let’s look at one of these paradoxes, the paradox of the arrow. Imagine you shoot an arrow at a target, and you snap a slow-motion picture of the arrow as it flies. In this one instant, this infinitesimally thin slice of time, the arrow appears to be frozen. In your photo, the arrow hangs motionless in the air. Now imagine that you take a series of pictures as the arrow flies – click, click, click – a hundred pictures of the arrow perfectly frozen in midair. Now imagine that you are constantly photographing the arrow. The camera whirs, and there is not a moment of time when you don’t freeze the arrow in place. Zeno reasoned that if any stretch of time – a second, a day, a decade – is just a series of moments, and if the arrow does not move during any one moment, then the arrow must not move at all. Obviously, this conclusion is false; the arrow flies to its target over the course of a second or so, just as it moves an infinitesimally short distance during each infinitesimally thin slice of time. Further, the fact that we were photographing the arrow didn’t affect its flight at all. If we had covered the camera’s lens and closed our eyes after launching the arrow, it still would have hit the same target in the same amount of time. What happens if we stop considering an arrow and consider an atom instead? In the quantum world, can we slow down an atom if we take its picture quickly enough? Amazingly, it turns out that we can! First, a small bit of background. Let’s consider an atom where the outermost electron can be in one of two states: a ground state, which has a low energy, and an excited state, which has a high energy. To minimize its energy, the atom spends almost all of its time in the ground state. We can, however, shine a laser pulse on the atom, which gives the atom energy and puts the electron in the excited state. The atom will stay in the excited state for a while, but eventually, the atom will spontaneously emit a photon to get back to the ground state. Much like nuclear decay, where the radioactivity has a specific half-life, this process is random but it follows a characteristic timescale. 50% of atoms remain in the excited state after the first 10 nanoseconds, 25% after the first 20, 12.5% after the first 30, etc. This timescale, the specific choice of 10 nanoseconds, is just an intrinsic value of the atom and its environment. Can we slow down this timescale, though? Can we stretch out the decay so that 80% of atoms survive the first 10 nanoseconds without emitting instead of just 50%? We can, and this phenomenon is called the Quantum Zeno Effect after the arrow paradox. How does the Quantum Zeno Effect work? Measurement! Quantum measurement is the key to this process! If we continually measure the state of the atom, we are continually forcing it to choose either the excited state or the ground state. Since the atom starts in the excited state and we never give it time to decay, then we can, in theory, force the atom to stay in the excited state for as long as we want. This notion is a bit abstract, though, so let’s consider another metaphor. Say you’re tired and you’re trying to fall asleep. You lie there, drowsy but fully awake. The act of falling asleep is instantaneous – lights out! – and there’s some constant probability that you’ll fall asleep in any given minute. You go to bed at 11 pm, and there’s a 50% chance you’ve fallen asleep by 11:15, 75% chance you’ve fallen asleep by 11:30, 87.5% chance you’ve fallen asleep by 11:45, etc. That’s all fine – you’ll be asleep in no time – but there’s a problem. Your little brother is in the bunk below yours and, for some utterly incomprehensible reason, he was able to wolf down a king-size candy bar just before bedtime. At 11:10, you feel a kick and hear, â€Å"hey, are you awake?† If you are lucky enough to have fallen asleep already, you don’t wake up and you’re free to continue enjoying your dreams. If you hadn’t fallen asleep, well, then you’re fully awake now. Since you’re fully awake, you need to reset your probability clock. There’s now a 50% chance you’ve fallen asleep by 11:25, 75% chance you’ve fallen asleep by KICK! Ugh, alright, it’s 11:12 and you’re fully awake again. Your brother, in his impatience, barely even gave you a chance to doze off. You can see that the more frequently your brother kicks your bunk, the less likely it is that you’ll ever be able to fall asleep. Sure, there was some probability that you would have fallen asleep between 11:10 and 11:12, but it was very small. If your brother continues to kick every 2 minutes, then you’ll eventually fall asleep but it will probably take quite a long time. This is the same mechanism, essentially, that is at work in the quantum world. If we continually measure the state of the atom, we slow down its decay. We actually do slow down the flight of the arrow, from archer to target, with the click of our camera’s shutter. I hope that this series has given you a taste of some of the more counter-intuitive aspects of quantum mechanics. These phenomena – slowed arrows, quantum coins, entangled poker chips – may seem fantastical, but the underlying concepts have been observed in labs all over the world. Stay tuned for the next post, when we return to the classical world!

What Everybody Is Saying About Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Is Wrong and Why

What Everybody Is Saying About Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Is Wrong and Why Getting the Best Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts You have to read samples of these essays on various topics to be able to do that. Now that you're acquainted with writing a DBQ essay, it wouldn't be too difficult in your part to compose a superb and robust essay to land yourself a superior grade. After reading through some samples you must have a very good idea how to compose your persuasive essay. Nevertheless, not all DBQ essay examples are made equal. You'll observe a similar structure in several of the essays. There are particular things that help determine the practice of writing a persuasive essay. Stephen's essay is rather effective. The other essays will help give you an awareness of what score your essay may have gotten that year and any areas you might have overlooked. The Downside Risk of Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You may also acquire several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. However, you can rest assured that you're getting a fine work for the price tag you're paying. And this year is not going to be a different. In addition to such tidbits of advice, you can take a look at this article with a lengthier list of the very best study str ategies for this class. As you might already know, there are many options here. Much is dependent on your selection. You'll be provided a selection of three essay choices, each focusing on another variety of time periods. The War Against Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts You only have to be thankful you don't need to read the original documents. A great method to start is to compose a one-sentence response to every question. This is not simple to achieve though. The AP Long Essay is much like the DBQ in that you have to develop a thesis and utilize historical evidence to back up your thesis, but there isn't going to be any documents on which you have to base your response. Learn more on the subject of AP self-studying so you are able to decide whether it's the best option for you. If you aren't confirmed in an AP class, you won't be issued a textbook. AP U.S. History may be your opportunity to shine. The Fight Against Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts There are dozens of essays it is possible to browse at ProfEssays.com. These seven sample essays respond to a wide range of thought-provoking questions. Place an order with our business and we're going to write a fantastic persuasive essay for you. Get in touch with us and find the best academic essay writing service and get rid of all of the probable mistakes! It's tough to pick my favorite of the essay prompts I encountered this calendar year, but simple to select the one I thought the absolute most off-putting. Please be aware that a few of these college essay examples could be responding to prompts that are no longer being used. It is possible to download our sample essays free of charge. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Getting the Best Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Here are a couple study tips that can help you prepare strategically for the exam. Grading samples carefullywill help you to get a sense ofyour own blind spots so that you know what skills to concentrate on in your prep. Attention to detail is critical if you need to see huge improvements! Students will have the ability to differentiate between long-term effects and isolated incidents, and the various impacts of the two. Top Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Secrets The previous scor es as awarded by the College Board will be useful in establishing a ballparkobviously a 9 is still likely to be a fantastic essay under the 7-point scalebut there could be some modest differences in grades between the 2 scales. The AP World History DBQ presents a prompt and a number of historical documents that are meant to demonstrate the intricacy of a certain historical matter. Advanced Placement World History was made by the Collegeboard to offer high school students the chance to study the big civilizations of earth throughout history. Get the Scoop on Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Before You're Too Late This prompt is a great choice if you would like to explore a single event or achievement that marked a very clear milestone in your private improvement. Economically, ways of trading was changed as a result of the debut of silver to the world. It may be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma--anything that's of personal significance, whatever the scale. The fundamental core score of 7 must be gained.

Cooperation Between Nations And The Involvement Of...

Despite the more pessimistic view of international cooperation of neorealists, neoliberals believe that cooperation can be a norm in international relations. Neoliberals see that cooperation is possible due to the interdependence of nations and the involvement of international institutions. Even though neoliberals have this outlook on cooperation, they still share the same core ideas of neorealists, but reject their conclusions. Neoliberals, similarly to neorealists, see the world in a state of anarchy with no overriding power above the states. However, unlike neorealists, neoliberals believe that there are instances under anarchy which lead to cooperation between states since, in their opinion, the state of anarchy can be overcome. This is because neoliberals believe states are unitary, rational actors with the final goals of security and survival. Neoliberals express that not only can states improve themselves in terms of military power, but also in other areas such as economic pr osperity since it is still works towards security and survival. These goals then lead to the promotion of international cooperation. Oye, a neoliberal, states, â€Å"Despite the absence of any ultimate international authority, governments often bind themselves to mutually advantageous courses of action† (Oye 76). States will cooperate with one another when it will elevate their interests and there is a mutual gain between the states involved. Because in the neoliberal perspective, if the situation canShow MoreRelatedUnited Nations Security Council Is Beyond Reform From The Perspective Of Small Nation States1129 Words   |  5 PagesSmall States In the analysis of the theories that will be used in analyzing whether the United Nations Security Council is beyond reform from the perspective of Small nation states. 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I argue that countries involved in international economic exchangeRead MoreThe End Of The Second World War Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesfierce competitors on the international scene, which lead to increasing political and military tensions between a US-led Western Bloc and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). F rom 1947 until 1991, this period of tension became known as the Cold War. Immediately after the Second World War, Canada, whose contribution to the Allied war effort cannot be overlooked, found itself in a period of economic prosperity, and of social reform. With growing conflict between the United States and theRead MorePeru Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Trade Activities In recent years, Peru has been a stable emerging economy and has consistently experienced positive economic growth. Peru’s emergence as a growing economy and stable economy has been a recent phenomenon. During the 1980s, Peru was isolated from the global economy and many citizens of Peru believed in a protectionist economic worldview (Silva, 2014). Peru’s protectionist economic policies prevented the entry of foreign direct investment (FDI) and resulted in a very

Stereotypes in the film American Beauty - 2078 Words

Stereotyping In Modern Film Stereotypes are extremely prominent in modern cinema, the first example that springs to mind is that of the film American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes, in 1999. Here is a seriocomic look at suburban America, which utilizes various stereotypes in order to make a broader statement on the symptoms supposedly brought upon us by living boring suburban lives. While the stereotypes work to the filmmakers advantage in the films cutting comic stages, once the film devolves into melodrama, the stereotypes become much more apparent, changing the film from a scathing satire to a parable of sorts. The plot of the film can be summarized by saying that it concerns the character of Lester Burnham, just as he is about to†¦show more content†¦While one senses that his wife is overly materialistic, her reaction is more believable because of the fact that she is most likely shocked by his sudden display of affection, and made uncomfortable by it. The idea that the stereotypes in this film are used as shortcuts does not really work in this case because the stereotypes are so fully explained by various methods such as voice over that they are not shortcuts at all, but are in the fact the actual substance of the film. Nor are these stereotypes manifested out of the fortress of tradition. This would imply that the stereotypes of the film are used because of the conventions of the genre, and this film is anything but conventional. As a matter of fact, the film tries so hard to be original and idiosyncratic that it is clear that the last thing it intends to do is adhere to the conventions now standard in the majority of films. However, this just makes the film even more maddening because while the fact that the film is made by stunningly original auteurs is more or less stuffed down the viewers throats, one can not help but feel that they are a little too familiar with the territory that this film explores. The bored and unhappy American family has been written about for ages and ages before 1999, the year this film was released. Another thing one must examine when discussing the purpose of stereotypes in film is their sociological value versus their aesthetic value. The sociological value, meaning theShow MoreRelatedSociety Vs Beauty : A Girl Like Me, The Director Of The Film986 Words   |  4 PagesSociety vs Beauty Many of us are faced with the idea that we will never be able to live up to society s expectations. That no matter what we do as human beings, nothing will ever be perfect to society. In the short documentary film â€Å"A Girl Like Me,† the director of the film examines the importance of color of skin, hair and facial features for young African American women. The director s purpose was to empower the women and let them know they can overcome these false stereotypes. The film startsRead MoreDo Animated Disney Characters Portray And Promote The Beauty Goodness Stereotype Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Do Animated Disney Characters Portray and Promote the Beauty Goodness Stereotype† (Bazzini et al,. 2010). Introduction The following essay will critically discuss the proposed journal article â€Å"Do Animated Disney Characters Portray and Promote the Beauty Goodness Stereotype† (Bazzini et al., 2010). This research study aimed to look if Disney films can influence young children’s judgement of their peers. An abstract should contain a summary of the journal article (Bryman, 2004). The introductionRead More Stereotypes in the American Media Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesStereotypes in the American Media Propaganda is an effective device that is used to influence and manipulate human behavior by appealing to emotions. When propaganda is combined with stereotypes, it usually produces negative results. A simplified view of a group of people, spread by mass communication can cause people to be more narrow-minded and can alter their perspective. Living in the Information Age, people are exposed to a constant stream of ideas and images. These ideas can reflect theRead MoreKing Kong: A Cultural Snapshot949 Words   |  4 Pagesview the novel and film as representation of the early 30s and thus a resource to understand the cultural context of the times. In particular, King Kong provides a window through which a modern audience can understand and interpret racism of the 1930s. The main stereotypes presented in the story, King Kong, were those of African Americans. 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Yet, there is a lot more to a classic Disney film, then what the average American sees the first time viewing. Gender roles, also known as gender stereotypes, are things to be considered appropriate to certain men or women and we are constantly surrounded by them without even realizing it. Cultural gender roles in America have changed over time, from when Disney animated films were first released.Read More Teaching Children How to Discriminate Essay673 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscrimination and stereotypes toward different race, ethnicity, gender, religion, nationality and region that Disney presents in their animated films. Lippi-Green also points out the use or misuse of foreign accents in films, television and the entertainment industry as a whole. Such animated films are viewed mainly by children. Lippi-Green makes a central argument in which she says that children are taught to discriminate through the portrayal of the different accented characters in Disney films. Read MoreThe Walt Disney Corporation1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe Walt Disney Corporation is a well-known entertainment industry that has been around since 1923. Disney has always been geared towards the production of popular culture for children and youth. Mà ¼ller-Hartmann suggests that â€Å"the animated films with their cute animations and music are especially important†¦since they speak directly to the emotions and thus, the sub-conscious. [Animation] works its audience magic purely on a purely subconscious level† (401). According to Towbin et al., â€Å"children’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Reel Injun774 Words   |  4 Pagessubject of Native American characters comes up in conversation, most picture Tonto from the film The Lone Ranger. However, many don’t realize how the film industry has created a stereotype that has affected generations of Native Americans. From mascots to logos of tobacco and other products, the early westerns have help mold minds into placing Native Americans into something they are not. The documentary Reel Injun help shed light on the subject as well as raise awareness to how these films have not onlyRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyzing multiple films such as Whiplash, Birdman, American Sniper, Snow White and the Huntsman, Project X and 21 Jump Street, Resident Evil, Underworld it was evident that women were negatively portrayed in films. Examples of such negative roles are that women are hypersexualized, cast in stereotypical roles and are considered less valuable because of age. Even though more films are casting older women, creating less stereotypical and sexually objective roles, the majority of films still capture women

Courageous Conversations About Race by Glenn E. Singleton...

Courageous Conversations About Race: Chapter 5 Authors Glenn E. Singleton and Curtis Linton in Chapter Five of Courageous Conversations About Race broach the topic of race, by asking the reader to evaluate his or her own consciousness of race. According to the authors, in order to address the achievement gaps between African American students and White students, educators should shift their energy towards focusing on the factors that they have direct control of inside the classroom rather than on the factors that influence this achievement disparity between races outside the classroom. The first step towards addressing the racial achievement gap begins with educators addressing his or her individual racial attitudes for, as the authors†¦show more content†¦Growing up in Park Ridge, Illinois was significantly different from where I was born in Morristown, New Jersey. One of the most startling differences was apparent in the make-up of the student body. In Morristown, I attended an elementary school with a diverse student body; many of my schoolmates were African American and I remember even at a young age, students regardless of race interacting all-together without any sense of stigma attached to it. In that sense, while attending elementary school, since it was the norm to have friends of different races, I did not think very much of my race. However, in contrast to living in Morristown, when I moved to Park Ridge, Illinois at the start of middle school, I will never forget meeting my classmates for the first time only to realize not one was of a differen t race. In fact, there was not one African American in my entire middle school! This was shocking to me. Transferring from a diverse school community to a completely homogenous school community made me more aware of my race simply because there

Possession Of Emotional Intelligence As An Essential...

Possession of emotional intelligence is an essential component for every effective leader in whatever capacity. The ability for a leader to comprehend and manage his or her emotions and of the people close to them is critical in good leadership. As outlined by Kotter, good leadership needs â€Å"motivating and inspiring,† in other words, keeping individuals moving in the appropriate direction, in spite of significant obstacles to change, through appealing to elementary, but untapped human values, needs, and emotions (92). Not only does this define a good leader, but it also goes a long way in differentiating between a leader and a manager. When an individual blends different aspects of emotional intelligence with management skills, he or she†¦show more content†¦As per his view, he asserts that the significant ingredient that permits an organization to become successful and great is acquiring a level 5 leader. In other words, a level 5 leader is one who has the abilit y to take an organization from being only simply good to truly great. In a five-year investigation, Collins established that executives in possession of such a paradoxical set of traits represent catalysts for the statistically exceptional event of the transformation of a good organization into a really great one (67). To illustrate, Collins offers an example of Darwin Smith, a little heard of individual who turned around Kimberley-Clark (a heavy paper organization) whose stock worth had plummeted 36 percent behind the rest of the market the previous two decades. He created a dramatic transformation that caught the eyes of the globe (Collins 68). By discovering that the issue was not only financial, but also an emotional one, Darwin-Smith managed to remarkably turn around the company’s fortunes. In this case, Darwin-Smith is a level 5 leader. In essence, level five describes the uppermost level in a ladder of executive capabilities. The lower four levels include leaders who h ave the capability to produce high levels of success but not sufficient enough to elevate organizations from mediocrity to sustained levels of excellence. The four lower levels are: level 4 (effective leader), level 3

Billy Joels River Of Dreams Tour free essay sample

Billy Joel is back with his new hit album River of Dreams complete with a newconcert tour. It has been almost four years since his Stormfront tour, butBilly Joel is still as energetic and entertaining as ever! Picture it: Madison Square Garden in New York, 20,000 people cheering and chanting for theman of the hour, Billy Joel. The lights go out, and then, silence, everyoneanticipating the first note to be played. Finally the music starts, and out hecomes. A one, two, one two three four; guitars, drums, pianos, and keyboardsdrown the screams of the crowd as Billy begins to sing A Matter of Trust. Hisenergy and enthusiasm do not subside for a second throughout the entire night.Every song he sings is accompanied by the 20,000 fans singing each word rightalong with him. Since he sang only four songs off his new album River ofDreams, the tour should have been called Billys Greatest Hits. We will write a custom essay sample on Billy Joels River Of Dreams Tour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Withoutfail, Billy Joel sang practically every song from one of his first hits, AngryYoung Man, to his most recent, Shades of Grey. The night would not have beencomplete without his live rendition of Scenes from an Italian Restaurant andGoodnight Saigon, his song dedicated to the veterans of the Vietnam War. Ofcourse, he closed the show with his most famous and memorable song, PianoMan. Between raging on the piano and climbing over the stage rails, BillyJoel gave his all-out best for a performance that will never be forgotten! Singus a song youre the piano man, sing us a song tonight, well were all in themood for a melody, and youve got us feeling all right!!!

Shaquille ONeal free essay sample

Whenever anybody thinks about the game of basketball, the NBA or sports in general, the first name that usually comes to mind is Michael Jordan of the Chicago Bulls. Throughout his career he scored over 32,000 points, won six NBA titles, six NBA Finals MVP awards and five NBA regular season MVP awards. He undoubtedly will go down as the greatest player in the history of not only basketball but all of sports. Every time a big name enters the NBA Draft, everybody always asks â€Å"Is this kid the next Michael Jordan? Michael has always been the measuring stick for NBA stars. Even today you can see debates daily on TV about how current stars like Kobe Bryant and LeBron James compare to Jordan. The argument that Jemele Hil from ESPN. com raised is could Shaquille O’Neal have been this measuring stick? Could he have gone down as the greatest player in NBA history instead of Jordan? Jemele’s argument is that Shaquille O’Neal who entered the league in 1992 should have been the man that goes down as the greatest player of all time. We will write a custom essay sample on Shaquille ONeal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shaq was almost a perfect response to Michael Jordan. Where Jordan was psychotically determined and polished, Shaq was often goofy and darling. Nothing mattered more than basketball for Michael Jordan, and it showed. When Jordan was working tirelessly toward bettering himself for the next season, Shaq was shooting movies portraying him as a genie or a superhero. While Jordan was in the gym shooting for hours on end, Shaq was recording rap albums which sold very poorly. For Shaq, basketball was the day job. A day job he did seem to love and that he was obviously incredible at. But the game was just a piece of him. For Michael Jordan the game was him, it was what he lived for and he strived to be the best at what he does. We sit at the end of his long and great 19 year NBA career and we know now basketball was just a piece of Shaq. She attempts to convince the reader of how it could have been if Shaq had applied himself to the same level of intensity that Michael did to make himself the best in the game. Jemele isn’t the only person that feels this way, even the greatest coach in NBA history shares the same sentiment. Phil Jackson who coached both Jordan and Shaq says that Shaq could have been the greatest of all time. Jackson went on to say that Shaq easily could have won 10 or more MVP awards and more than the 4 Championships he won. Shaq could have been the most dominant ever, as he often liked to refer to himself. Jemele points out that when he was at is best, nobody can stop himHe could have been a bigger Jordan, a perennial MVP, a perennial champion. He could be the undisputed best center ever instead of a candidate for just the top three or top five. He could be in the conversation for the best player ever. At his peak, focused totally on making himself the best, Shaq was completely unstoppable. He seemed to only really apply himself for a year or two at a time. His 2000 season was legendary, and he should have won the 2005 MVP award over Steve Nash for his brilliant comeback with the Miami Heat. His 2009 All-Star bid was well-deserved at age thirty six. But in the context of Shaqs career, those look more like comets than a prolonged meteor shower. ONeal was regularly a shooting star. But the greatest the Jordan’s, the Russell’s, the Wilts, the Magic’s, the Kobe’s dont take years off, dont let up. Shaq did. Another aspect that Jemele points out about how Shaq could have done better in his career is taking care of his body. During his career he missed over 300 games due to injury which is an equivalent to about 4 seasons. Former teammates and coaches have blamed his conditioning and poor work ethic for the amount of games he missed. I feel that Jemele stated the biggest difference between Shaq and Michael Jordan when she said; â€Å"one thing Ill never forget is how Shaq sabotaged the Lakers opportunity at an unprecedented fourth straight championship in the 2002-03 season. † This is the season where he put off toe surgery before the 2002-03 season until training camp started and famously said Since I suffered the injury on company time, why shouldnt I be able to get surgery and do recovery on company time? He went on to miss the first twelve games of that season and the Lakers failed to win a fourth consecutive NBA Championship as the Lakers never seemed to get into any sort of rhythm that season. Jemele also correctly stated that Shaq usually treated his body with disregard and often came into the season overweight and out of shape. He always figured that he can play his way into shape during the season. This is one of the reasons I feel he wasn’t able to maintain his dominance into his later sea sons. A player like Michael Jordan and even Kobe Bryant continued to play well even after they started to age because of the dedication and commitment they gave to the game of basketball and keeping their bodies healthy whenever they can. Shaq’s former teammate Kobe Bryant manages to this day in his 16th season to continue to play through injuries whether it’s with a broken index finger on his shooting hand, torn ligaments in his shooting wrist and knees with barely any ligaments left. He finds a way to play and play at a high level, in his 16th season Kobe Bryant is leading the league in scoring with over 29 points per game. In Shaq’s 16th season he averaged less than 13 points per game. Another aspect of Shaq’s game that held him back from being in the greatest is free throw shooting. The foul shot is the second easiest shot in basketball, it’s a wide open 15 foot shot. During his career Shaq shot less than 53% from the free throw line, missing over 5,000 shots. His poor free throws shooting led to a strategy from opposing coaches called ‘Hack a Shaq’, where in the fourth quarter opposing players would intentionally foul him and send him to the free throw line to prevent the Lakers from scoring. Although Shaq liked to make fun of his own free throw shooting in movies and skits for Saturday Night Live, he never took the time to try and rectify his shot. And this takes me back to basketball just being a day job to Shaq because he could have stayed after practice for a few hours a day to work on his shot, but rarely if ever did. I think that he just felt that he can get by on his physical dominance, but sometimes hurt his team. I don’t put the blame solely on Shaq for this however, at some point his coaches need to step in and help him work on his form, but none of his teams ever did that. If he had improved his free throw shooting I feel that he could have added another 2,000 points to his career total. I feel that the audience Jemele is trying to reach is the basketball purists, the people who don’t feel there is even an argument as to who the greatest player in NBA history is. She is trying to convince these people that there would be an argument if only Shaw had better work ethic and desire to be the best. I’ve watched Shaq throughout his career because I’m a fan of the NBA, more notably a Laker fan and I agree wholeheartedly with her point of view. I’ve seen firsthand just how dominant of a force he can be when motivated and I definitely feel that he is in the top five when it comes to the greatest players of all time. But if he had worked in the offseason to make himself better, keep himself in shape and work with his teammates rather than stirring up drama with the likes of Penny Hardaway, Kobe Bryant and Dwayne Wade, I do think it would be feasible to say that Shaq would have went down as the greatest player in NBA history.

Using Argumentative Essay Topics and Samples to Sell Your Point

Using Argumentative Essay Topics and Samples to Sell Your PointArgumentative essay topics and samples can be difficult to come by. Since the majority of people are very defensive and very hard to please, people who want to write persuasive essays will have to rely on their own experiences and experience of similar circumstances, as well as the way in which the topic has been presented to them in the past. It is these elements that can create a strong argument.The topic is the foundation for any argument, and therefore argumentative essay topics and samples will be based on issues or events that have occurred in the past. This may mean controversial issues, issues that have been discussed, topics that have been heavily debated, or even topics that have only recently been brought up in the discussion. The best examples are often topics that have been almost present in the minds of the audience, but that have not been addressed for a while.The strength of the argument is often determine d by the tone of the article. If the piece is written with a high-pitched tone, or if the piece is written in a raspy voice, the reader will be unable to see how solid or valid the reasoning is. Arguments that are written in a calm, consistent, yet still assertive tone can work well with many people, but the body must make sure that it is not being used in a negative manner.The logical and factual references should be clear. It should be crystal clear that the argument comes from specific research and facts and not just made up on the fly. The tone of the argument must remain consistent throughout the entire essay.When writing a topic and sample, there are times when even the best argument does not stand up to scrutiny. It may be a good idea to reword or rewrite your article in a more coherent manner before submitting it. Trying to come up with new and unique ways to portray your arguments is one way to be able to sell your case.Argumentative essay topics and samples should have hig h impact and should not be taken lightly. In order to come up with different topics and articles to write, you can research on blogs, forums, and other sources of information to see what the public thinks about certain topics. This will give you the chance to know what to expect and to discuss the topics that will not necessarily be mainstream.You should also make sure that the content is not as strong as it could be in order to avoid some of the more powerful topics that some people might try to use against you. For example, discussing things that happen in the bedroom is not going to be a very effective essay topic. Instead, you can talk about topics such as relationships with other people.There are many reasons why argumentative essay topics and samples can work to persuade an audience, and they are not going to be hard to come up with yourself. It will be all based on the content of the piece and how it makes you feel. To be able to come up with content that works in the long ru n, you need to make sure that the body of the article is very strong enough to stand on its own without having to be bundled with the rest of the writing.

Levis jeans Essay Example

Levis jeans Essay He then turns and sits down next to a large man, who wears dull clothes and doesnt stand out like the young man wearing the jeans. The man has an almost disapproving look upon his face. At the very end of the advert the young man who stripped begins to read a newspaper, which is a very everyday act, which is showing how the man doesnt feel like him stripping is anything out of the ordinary, indicating confidence and boldness. The music played throughout this advert is Heard it on the grapevine, which is how gossip is often referred to and suggests that the man is something to gossip about, and somebody that is talked about.  For young people, again they see somebody good looking wearing jeans, and in this advert the man wearing the jeans is admired by others, looks confident and stands out. Many people seeing this would believe that the jeans would make them stand out like that young man and purchase Levis jeans. Beach  Advertisement 74 is set on a beach, showing another good-looking man wearing Levis jeans, and carrying a surfboard. The man removes the jeans then leaves them on the beach. He bends down towards his dog and points at the jeans, as if he is telling the dog to guard the jeans for him. He then walks away with his surfboard.  A typically good-looking woman in a bikini comes along the beach and sees the jeans. She looks for a moment before putting them on. When she attempts to walk away the dog grabs her leg and barks at her. She tries in vain to shake the dog off, but isnt able to before the young man originally wearing the jeans comes back. We will write a custom essay sample on Levis jeans specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Levis jeans specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Levis jeans specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The man laughs and then they walk away together laughing.  Again this advert shows the man who is wearing the jeans getting the woman. In all the adverts that I have written about so far it has been the man wearing the jeans every time, and usually the man who is admired by the woman. In this advert the woman does put the jeans on, and the man looks at her in an admiring way, but again it is the man wearing the Levis that gets the woman and the woman that is attracted to the man, or to his jeans, showing how the Levis are once again the reason that the man gets the woman. Summary  Many impressionable audiences would believe that buying the jeans would make them instantly attractive, as the people featuring in these advertisements are, and seeing the man in the Levis always getting the girl would be an incentive to many young men to purchase these jeans.  Throughout these adverts the men are all conventionally good-looking, the woman are usually fairly attractive also. They all appear to have confidence, such as the young man who strips in the laundrette. Also others always admire the men that are wearing the Levis for their jeans, and they always get the woman, as opposed to the men who arent wearing Levis which in one advert one such man got his woman taken away. Overall there is the portrayal of people that wear Levis being better looking, admired by others, and being attractive to others. This would convince many people to purchase the jeans.

What Is the Definition of an Earmark in Politics

What Is the Definition of an Earmark in Politics The term earmark spending refers to a part of a spending bill that allocates money for a specific thing such as a location, project or institution. The key difference between an earmark and a general budget line is the specificity of the recipient, which is usually a particular project in a specific Congressmans district or a Senators home state. Earmarking is often used as a tool for negotiation and deal-making: a representative might vote in favor of a project in another representatives district in exchange for earmarked funding in his own district. Definition of Earmark Funding Earmarks are funds provided by the Congress for specific projects or programs in such a manner that the allocation (a) circumvents a merit-based or competitive allocation process; (b) applies to a very limited number of individuals or entities; or (c) otherwise curtails the ability of the Executive Branch to independently manage the agency budget. Thus, an earmark circumvents the appropriations process, as outlined in the Constitution, where Congress grants a lump sum of money to a Federal agency each year and leaves the management of that money to the Executive Branch. Congress includes earmarks in both appropriation and authorization bills orOR in report language (the committee reports that accompanies reported bills and the joint explanatory statement that accompanies a conference report). Because earmarks can be tucked away in report language, the process is not easily identified by constituents. Examples of Earmark Spending Earmark spending relates only to funds identified for specific projects. For instance, if Congress passed a budget that gave a certain sum to the National Park Service as an entity, that wouldnt be considered an earmark. But if Congress added a line indicating that some of the money had to be allocated to preserve a specific landmark, then thats an earmark. Earmark spending may be allocated for (among other things): Research projectsDemonstration projectsParksLaboratoriesAcademic grantsBusiness contracts Some earmarks stand out easily, like a $500,000 grant to the Teapot Museum. But just because an item of expenditure is specific, that doesnt make it an earmark. In defense spending, for instance, bills come with a detailed account of how each dollar will be spent- for example, the amount of money needed to purchase a specific fighter plane. In another context, this would merit an earmark, but not for the Defense Department as this is how they do business.   Is "Earmarking" Considered to Be Unethical? Earmarks have a derogatory connotation on Capitol Hill, largely because of specific earkmark spending projects that have little benefit to anyone but the businesses involved in doing the work. One famous example of such of a project is Alaskas infamous â€Å"Bridge to Nowhere.† a $398 million project intended to replace a ferry to an island that is home to just 50 people. Congress imposed a moratorium on earmarks that went into effect in 2011, which banned members from using legislation to direct money to specific projects or organizations in their districts. In 2012, the Senate defeated a proposal to outlaw earmarks but extended the moratorium by a year. Lawmakers try to avoid using the term while still attempting to insert specific spending provisions into bills. Earmarks are also called a variety of different terms including: Member-directed spendingPlus upsBudget enhancementsAdditionsProgrammatic adjustments Lawmakers have also been known to directly call agency officials and ask them to allocate money toward specific projects, without any pending legislation. The is known as â€Å"phone-marking.†

Narritive about a short story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Narritive about a short story - Essay Example al Scout had come to Farquhar’s house for a drink of water and he informed him that anyone who was found causing problems would be caught and hanged. When Farquhar inquires if there was any force on the other side of the creek, the soldier answers him saying, - â€Å"Only a picket post half a mile out, on the rail road and a single sentinel at this end of the bridge.† â€Å"All is fair in love and war† is a very famous saying and unfortunately Farquhar finds himself with a noose around his neck, at the gallows, surrounded by officers with their rifles in hand. Under the plank on which he stood, he could see the water rushing wildly in a frenzy. As the noose was put around his neck, he had a sense of foreboding as his mind raced back to his loving family at home. He felt a sense of helplessness as the noose tightened about his neck and his body dropped into the racing water. As Peyton plummeted to the depths with pulsating speed, he felt he was almost dead. He oscillated like a pendulum between life and death, as he struggled for breath. The light which had grown dimmer as he went down, now seemed brighter as he found himself rising towards the surface and thought, -"To be hanged and drowned, is not so bad; ; but I do not wish to be shot. No; I will not be shot; that is not fair." What seemed like superhuman strength he managed to relieve himself of the ropes that bound him. Undoing the noose around his neck, he gasped for breath. He was ecstatic to be alive. He reveled in the beauty of his surroundings – the trees the stream, the insects, the dewdrops on the glass and the prismatic colors that floated all around him. Suddenly, all at once, he found bullets whizzing past and hitting the water and saw the sentinels aiming their rifles straight at him from across the bridge. He heard the lieutenant’s dreaded, cruel and aspirated chant ordering, -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Company! . . . Attention! . . . Shoulder arms! . . . Ready! . . . Aim! . . . Fire!" he was being hunted

IDENTITY paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IDENTITY paper - Essay Example The word agency in this context refers that 'agency is directly tied to social structures' in so far as they interact and produce society together. Obviously, Agents have complete knowledge of their society and this mutual information that therein produces structures. The everyday ordinary life of an agent leads is simply a part of reproduction in society. The important thing is here that Levine theory primary refers "Ontologiclal" security in the trust. In contrast, Agency, apart from reproduction of society can also lead to the transformation of society. According to Levine a good way to explain this concept is "reflexive monitoring of actions". Reflexive monitoring looks at the skill to look at actions to estimate their effectiveness in achieving their aims. However, if agents can replicate structure through action, they can also transform it. However, according to Levine "in terms of identity formation and maintenance, two key issues pertain to (a) the relevance of the concepts of structure and agency for understanding identity, and (b) the extent to which identity is conceptualized as having an "inner" versus "outer" origin. The first issue involves assumptions regarding individual causality, or personal responsibility; the sociological equivalent of which lies in the notions of reflexivity and agency. It is quite true that this issue has long been ignored in sociology, but as noted, the issue is currently being discussed by late modernists in terms of the structure-agency debate (i.e., how much individuals exercise control independent of social structure versus how much social structure determines individual behavior". (Levine, 2002, pg, 54+) Structural Influence on Identity (A) Gender Base Structural Influence on Identity The benefits of receiving ample parental support and, conversely, the costs of receiving poor parental support during childhood may be the most powerful within "same-sex parent-child dyads". The important point is to note here is that the daughter-mother relationship is central in most women's lives. Certianly, this relationship between mother and daughter is a key influence in the identity formation and the long-term psychosocial adjustment of daughter. Similarly, the son-father relationship has significant influence on the development psychosocial, morality, behaviour and so on. Furthermore, the relationship between father and son influences everything in a man's life, in what he sees himself and in what way he sees all other people. Thus, the amount of support a child receives within this same-sex dyad would be a important determinant of psychosocial and moral values development an individual's life course. "When taken together, this review suggests that although receiving early parental support may be an important predictor of mental and physical health outcomes in later life, the impact of early parental support can be fully appreciated only by identifying the social structural factors that are most closely associated with receiving poor support in early life and understanding how associations between levels of support received during childhood. However, moral and behavior status vary according to following factors. 1. Does the amount of early parental support reported vary by gender of the parent, gender of the child, or racial or socioeconomic status 2. Is the moral of women and men differentially

Magazines play in womens lives Essay Example for Free

Magazines play in womens lives Essay The womans magazine came into existence in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century (Margaret Beetham, 1996 pg 6). They were generally aimed at the upper and middle class ladies, as these were the only women who had spare leisure time and the disposable income to purchase luxuries such as weekly magazines. During 1949-74 there were two extremely dominant themes in womens magazines. First there was the overwhelming star billing given to love and marriage- and the family. Second there was the heavy emphasis placed upon the Self, and the responsibility ethic laid upon every woman to be the self staring, self finishing producer of herself (Marjorie Ferguson 1983 pg 44). It is clear from the beginning that womens magazines promoted a picture of a perfect woman, which still exists today. One could argue the continued success of womens magazines is due to the development of the magazine as a commodity. They have also become a crucial site for the advertising and sale of other commodities, whether nightgowns or convenience foods (Margaret Beetham 1996 pg 2). Womens magazines play a vital role in many readers lives. But do they wrongly portray a perfect woman? Many women struggle to maintain a perfect home, their children and a happy marriage. One could argue womens magazines both add to this pressure, and act as a form of advice to women unable to cope with what is expected from them according to the media and gender stereotyping. In the early years of womens magazines the emphasis was put upon providing entertainment and practical advice. In this case the magazine fulfilled a role of a reference text, which women could refer to for recipes and other advice. The entertainment factor meant the magazines were viewed as a bit of light relief for women with busy lives. Janice Winship portrayed the role of womens magazines in the eyes of the existing culture extremely differently. Men do not have or need magazines for A Mans World; it is their world, out there, beyond the shelves: the culture of the workplace, of politics and public life, the world of business, property and technology, there they are all boys together. Women have no culture and world out there other than the one which is controlled and mediated by men (Janice Winship 1987 pg 6). In this respect womens magazines provide an insight into the Womans world. The womans world which womens magazines represent is created precisely because it does not exist outside their pages (Janice Winship 1987 pg 7). Therefore the role which magazines play in this respect is of high importance to women. It acts as an escape into their own world which suggests why womens magazines have been so popular in the past and continue to be as successful today. Marjorie Ferguson argued that womens magazines collectively comprise a social institution which serves to foster and maintain a cult of femininity (Marjorie Ferguson 1983 pg 184). She puts forward a much more positive view of womens magazines and feels that the magazines purely identify their target market and then aim to provide their readers with encouragement and entertainment to do with the business of being a woman (Marjorie Ferguson 1983 pg 184). It is clear from the above that in the past when women had little rights the role of the womens magazines had a great importance to women. It enabled them to have a world of their own almost, a world which was not purely occupied with males. In todays society where women have equal rights to men (supposedly! ) the role of their magazine is not nearly as important in their lives. It does continue to provide the same features although there is a world out there not purely controlled by men, therefore the role of womens magazines is slightly less important in the day to day activities of women. One could claim it acts as light relief although the images portrayed in these magazines can lead to this portrayal of the perfect woman. In todays society, it is difficult not to examine ones body and feel a sense of discontent if it doesnt mirror the lanky images one sees in not only fashion magazines, but also all areas of advertising (Annie Doig 1998). Women are increasingly faced with images of the perfect woman. The portrayal of women in womens magazines all follow the same pattern, they have a well-groomed appearance and a slim body image. Media such as television, movies, and magazines are considered to be among the most influential promoters of the thin standard, given their popularity and accessibility to the people (Anne Marlowe1998). As womens magazines have a massive influence on womens self-concept many women quickly become dissatisfied with their body even at an early age. Ironically the ideal of feminine beauty which is being promoted is impossible for the average woman to achieve. This level of unhappiness can lead to an eating disorder in an attempt to conform with the publicised norms. Between 1970 and 1990, there was an overall increased emphasis on weight loss and body shape in the content of a popular womens magazine (Anne Marlowe 1998). This concludes that the roles of womens magazines changed from traditional and entertaining values into portraying women as consumers and directly targeting womens own anxieties to make money. Interestingly there is evidence to suggest that eating disorders, especially anorexia and bulimia, are most prominently seen in white women (Molloy 1998). One could claim a high proportion of womens magazines are aimed at white females. They are not directly discriminative but you rarely see a black cover girl with features on how to cope with African hair types for example. This example outlines the impact these magazines have upon womens self-perception. Males are also less likely to suffer with an eating disorder. This can be directly linked with the fact that male magazines are primarily concerned with leisure, pleasure and activities, in contrast as discussed womens magazines focus on beauty, dieting and domesticity. Women are under massive pressure to conform to these unrealistic pictures of beauty. That in turn results in many women in narcissistic absorption with oneself- with ones physical appearance (The image of femininity in womens magazines 1998).

The Tao Of The Joy Luck Club :: essays research papers

Taoism has been a major influence in China throughout much of its history and The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, reflects this influence through its infusion of Taoist principals. One of the fundamental concepts within Taoism is that of Wu-hsing. Wu-hsing is a way of understanding a matter by dividing it into five and is often represented by five phases, elements of directions. This is an unfamiliar concept to a western perspective, which tends to divide things into four. Understanding this fifth additional element, however, is essential to understanding The Joy Luck Club. This fifth component is most clearly represented in The Joy Luck Club through the directional aspect, which is clearly represented at the Mah Jong table, which the women gather around at the Joy Luck Club meetings. Each of the women represent the direction which they sir at on the table and the center of the Mah Jong table represents the fifth direction. In Taoism this fifth direction is the harmonious center where the traditional four directions meet and from which they originate, it is their beginning and their end. In the book the Joy Luck Club meetings serve as this fifth dimension. It is in this fifth direction, the center of the women and the Mah Jong table where the game and story of the Hoy Luck Club is played out. As the game begins the women first â€Å"wash† the tiles in a chaotic mixing motion and then work together to structure these game tiles into an orderly creation in the center of the board (Tan 22). This is the effect of the fifth direction in the women’s lives as well. As the members of the Joy Luck Club bring the chaos of their lives and find peace through the combined effect of their relationships with each other. This process of bringing peace from the midst of chaos is first seen when the first Joy Luck Club is created in Kweilin. In Kweilin Suyun finds herself in an extremely chaotic and violent environment, which is the result of the refugee-camp-like city, and the frequent bombings, which it comes under. Suyun creates the club here as a source of peace in the midst of their troubles. The meetings become a place where the women do not discuss the eminent danger that surrounds them or their relatives and lives, which they have lost. Instead they focus on food and happy stories.

Philippine Constitution

The second chapter dealt on the entirety of the state which is considered to be a very important concept in the field of political science as it is branded as the basic unit of the international community and the ultimate expression of political activity among men. The third chapter was aimed at discovering the historical roots and progression of Philippine government in order to understand the complexities and changes within the bounds of local governance. This chapter will be dedicated to the discussion of the fundamentals of the so called â€Å"fundamental law of the land† which is the guiding light of the affairs of both state and government.In addition, this will e an opening salvo to the critical study of the document as we enter the portals leading to the first two fragments of the 1987 Philippine Constitution?the Preamble and the National Territory. CONCEPT OF CONSTITUTION Creating an Equilibrium Before we delve deeper into the concept of the organic law, let us first turn our attentions to the specific field of political law that is germane to the study of the constitution itself?constitutional Law.Constitutional Law is the study of the maintenance of the proper balance between authority as represented by the three Inherent powers of the State and liberty as guaranteed by the Bill of Relights. L Genuine liberty entails exercising It without causing any harm or Interception on the freedom of others. This Is the Ideal arrangement since by practice, people unavoidably uses liberty beyond normal control.Hence, the state has been endowed from Its birth with the three Inherent powers namely police power, eminent domain, and taxation in order to regulate the usage of individual rights. But this does not mean that the state always has the authority to intrude on an individual's freedom because in the context of Constitutional Law, what is being advanced is not primacy of one of the two factions but the promotion of the â€Å"co-existence† Constit ution Defined Cooley describes it as the â€Å"body of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of sovereignty are habitually exercised. 2 It also refers to â€Å"a written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited, defined, and by which these powers are distributed among several departments, for their more safe and useful exercise, for the benefit of the body politic. â€Å"3 The first definition is much more extensive compared to the second one nice it covers even the unwritten constitutions like customs and traditions.Furthermore, Cooley's definition relates on the founding principles reflecting the aspirations of the sovereign while Miller's include in its scope the structuring of the government wherein the several powers are distributed for the promotion of the common good. In layman's terms, it is simply defined as the organic or supreme law of the state. Constitution vs.. Statute Constitution and statute are two terms belonging to the same world of legalities but differ in their scope and intrinsic meaning.The disparity is demonstrated in the allowing instances: 1 . The former elaborates on general items such as policies and principles while the latter deals on more specific topics. Statutes always follow the basic rule of legislation known as â€Å"singularity of subject. † 2. In addition, in the context of being â€Å"open to change,† the constitution (for the cases of the written, enacted and rigid) cannot be easily amended while statute is more open to change and can even be repealed easily with regards to its constitutionality. 3.The constitution is the product of the people's integral sovereign power in society while statute is a result of he process of legislation or law-making as practiced by the legislature. 4. Lastly, in most cases, there is only one constitution in operation but there can be several statutes that would be enforced within the bounds of the state. Discerni ng the Purpose The purpose of the constitution is â€Å"to prescribe the permanent framework of a system of government, to assign to the several departments their respective powers and duties, and to establish certain first principles on which the government is founded. 4 Dissecting this statement originating from American Jurisprudence, three government administering the state; 2. Next is the apportionment of the different governmental powers to the branch or department that must exercise it so as to avoid concentration of powers; and 3. Finally, to provide for the guiding principles which aid the daily affairs of the entire governmental order. Supremacy without a Doubt The constitution is the supreme law of the land.Neither legislation nor even the highest government official exercising immense powers inside the state can question the ultimate position occupied by the organic law in the hierarchy of the political system. The legislature can make laws but such laws are limited bec ause they must inform to the tenets and principles anchored on the constitution. In fact, the judiciary checks both legislative and executive departments by interpreting their actions as â€Å"constitutional† or â€Å"unconstitutional. † The people, its creator, in the exercise of sovereign power may not disregard the constitutions as well.But it must be remembered that they can institute changes if ever it is proven that the constitution does not serve or address the needs of the current situation. The supremacy scenario can also be observed in the landscape of the international community due to the fact that in cases of conflict between international law and municipal (local) law, the latter usually prevails based on the principle of par in paper non habit emporium. But there are exceptional cases wherein constitutional inferiority is demonstrated in upholding the general interests of the people. Variety Exists Constitutions around the globe are not exempted to the p henomenon dubbed as â€Å"variety. † Gradations exist and these are categorized into three major segments: 1 . There are two kinds of constitution according to form namely written and unwritten. The differentiation does not rest on the aspect of being â€Å"written† or not because mom examples of the unwritten constitution are in fact written documents. The major distinction is based on the â€Å"organization† of the scattered pieces into one, single collection.The written constitution is usually the organized one while the unwritten â€Å"consists of rules which have not been integrated into a single, concrete from but are scattered in various sources. â€Å"7 The 1987 Philippine Constitution is a written one while the English Constitution is an unwritten type. 2. The next one is constitution according to origin which also has two types: enacted (conventional) and evolved (cumulative). Enacted is a result of a thorough document construction normally done thro ugh a constitutional convention and is normally instituted at a definite time and place.On the other hand, evolved is a product of continuous process of accretion or adding up as it operates from one generation to another. The present Philippine Constitution is enacted while customs and traditions would be the best example for an evolved constitution. 3. According to manner of amendment is the last category that comprises both flexible and rigid constitutions. Flexible constitutions are characterized by flexibility which implies that it can be changed by he sense that it can only be amended by a specific body and the procedure itself is quite complex and difficult.The 1987 Philippine Constitution is rigid while the constitution of the Scandinavian state of Sweden is considered as flexible. Written Constitution: Essential Qualities Since the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines is a written one, it is more sensible to tackle the essential qualities of a constitution i n the lexicon of the written type. 1 . Broadness refers the extensiveness of the constitution in terms of its scope and reach. Furthermore, broadness relates to the fact that the constitution â€Å"is opposed to embody the past, reflect the present and to anticipate the future. Accordingly, it must have the capability to provide answers or solutions for every contingency. 2. Brevity implies that a good written constitution must stick to the basics. It is limited in the sense that it should not be a venue for staging the details which must be addressed and expressed by reinforcing legislation. Thus, the nature of the document is to prevent the situation wherein it becomes too â€Å"chatty' or wordy. 3. A written constitution must also be definite. This quality relates to the condition hat its provisions must be construed in a clear manner to avoid vagueness in the interpretation.Such ambiguity may lead to â€Å"confusion and divisiveness among the people, and perhaps even physical conflict. â€Å"8 Written Constitution: Essential Parts Almost all texts dealing on the topics of constitution, law and Political Science are in agreement that there are three essential parts of a good written constitution. These are the following: 1 . The constitution of liberty which is symbolized by the presence of a Bill of Rights, elaborates the citizens' civil and political rights as well as the imitation imposed on the side of the government in the regulation of the same.It is found in Article Ill (Bill of Rights) of our constitution. 2. Reflected in Article VI (Legislative), VII (Executive), VIII Adjudicatory), and IX (Local Government) is the second essential part known as the constitution of government whose main feature is the outlining of the governmental structure and the respective powers that they must utilize in the conduct of administration. 3. The provisions relating to the procedures on how to institute changes in the constitution is referred to as the constitut ion of sovereignty. Article XVII (Amendments or Revisions) is an exemplary of this part.Beginnings of the 1987 Philippine Constitution September 21, 1972 is the dreaded day of the proclamation of Martial Law courtesy of one of the most infamous head of state in the Philippines?Ferdinand Adrenalin Marco's. Such declaration was fueled by the various political upheavals in the Philippine political scene at that time including insurgency movements of militant groups and the fear of a communist seizure of the duly constituted government. The Martial Law lasted for about 8 years and was only lifted in 1981. The growing year 1983; Seen. Benign â€Å"Ninny' Aquinas, Jar. Turned from his exile in the United States and was assassinated at the Manila International Airport. Three years after such heart-breaking murder, Marco's called for a special snap election which was centered between him and the widow of Ninny?Carbon â€Å"Core' Aquinas. Massive cheating and electoral fraud characterized the election process in which the final tally of votes expressed the victory of the administration. Yet, even though triumph was at hand, the snap election was one of the major reasons that catapulted the People Power Revolution of 1986.The withdrawal of the military support for the overspent through the acts of high military officials Fidel V. Ramose and Juan Pence Enrich led to the downfall of the Marco's Administration. The world's attention was gravitated to the Philippines in the year 1986 when â€Å"the cheapest revolution†9 in history was launched in order to overthrow the infamous regime of Ferdinand Adrenalin Marco's. The latter was forced to go to an exile in Hawaii, United States. When Core was inaugurated as President, her administration reorganized the entire governmental order and promulgated the Freedom Constitution that abrogated the operation of the 1973 Constitution.The â€Å"Freedom Constitution† was the precursor of the 1987 organic law. In the latt er part of the same year, she ordered the formation of a Constitutional Commission through Proclamation no. 9 to draft a new constitution to legalize the new government. The regular session of the said commission was held from June 2 – October 15, 1986. It was headed by Cecilia Munson Palm, the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines, as chairman, together with Ambrosia B. Patella as vice- chairman. Napoleon G. Ram served as floor leader with Jose D.Cauldron and Madam Domain Alonso, a Muslim legislator, as assistant floor leaders. Members of the commission came from different walks of life which encompass such prominent names as former COMELY Commissioner Rene Sacramento, former Associate Justice Florien Regarded, former Chief Justice Hilarious Divide, Jar. , Dean Emeritus of Atone Law School FRR. Joaquin G. Barnes, S. J. , award-winningly director Lion Brocks, and notable lawyer Christian Monsoon. After drafting the newly structured and designed f undamental law, the commission recommended to President Aquinas the scheduling of the plebiscite for the ratification of the proposed code.A three-month period was given for the people to carefully study and scrutinize such. The plebiscite was scheduled on the 2nd February, 1987. During the campaign period for the ratification, Filipinos were quite apprehensiveness eventually, they approved the plebiscite. The process was a huge success with 76. 29% affirming the ratification while 22. 74% were on the contrary. The 1987 text is pretty lengthy and wordy which is composed of eighteen articles. Historical experiences have molded it into its present form and substance particularly the enormous impact of the Martial Law Era.THE PREAMBLE A Grand Introduction A book has a preface, a thesis has an abstract, and for the case of the constitution, here is a preamble. From the Latin word â€Å"presumably† meaning â€Å"going in front†, achieved through its expression of the author s of the document and their corresponding ideals and aspirations. It must be noted that the Preamble is not a source of rights, obligations and powers for both citizenry and government side. But because it sets down the origin, scope, and purpose of the Constitution, it is useful as an aid in ascertaining the meaning of ambiguous provisions of the Constitution. 0 For a better understanding of the messages imparted by the Preamble, several distinct partitions will be created and analyzed. We, the Sovereign Filipino People. This opening phrase indicates the main authors of the Constitution. What is unique in this construction is that the first person point of view was employed through the usage of the word â€Å"we. † This is very different form the case of the 1935 Constitution wherein the third person point of view was reflected by the less captivating description â€Å"The Filipino people. † FRR.Joaquin Barnes, one of the framers of the current organic document, expla ined that the â€Å"third person approach (1935) suggests that another power (the United States) was merely announcing that the Filipinos were anally allowed to promulgate a Constitution. â€Å"11 Hence, â€Å"The Filipino people† in the 1935 text clearly conjures the situation of the Philippines at that time being under the hands of another sovereign power and has not achieved true independence. During the euphoria of imperialism, the term â€Å"Filipino' does not apply to the natives of the Philippines.The Spanish colonization has founded a social stratification where natives were placed at the bottom of the social ladder while pure-blooded Spaniards (peninsular and insulates) and messiest are situated in a much higher position. These groups were regarded as Filipinos while the natives were branded as â€Å"indigos†?a moniker that signified racial discrimination. It is incredible to know that the framers of the 1973 and 1987 Constitution visualized the commonality among us; that we are one homogeneous body and truly Filipinos by heart.Imploring the Aid of Almighty God. Len both 1935 and 1973 texts, this phrase is worded as â€Å"Imploring the guidance of the Divine Providence† as a form of respect to the the religious freedom of every person situated in the Philippine archipelago including non-believers. During the deliberations of the 1986 Constitutional Commission, it was decided that â€Å"guidance† would be replaced by â€Å"aid† since the latter is a â€Å"more all-embracing term†12 compared to the former. Divine Providence† also yielded to â€Å"Almighty God† due to the realization that the latter implies greater intimacy regarding our relationship with the Divine and is considered as â€Å"more consonant with Filipino religiosity. â€Å"13 Basically, this part of the preamble creates a remarkable picture on how we value the role of the Omnipotent as the rudder leading us to our outstanding lo ries and destinies in life. Build a Just and Humane Society. The state and the government being created by the people themselves must uphold and create a social order that ensures fairness and greatly values human rights and dignity.The phrase added the notion that a constitution not merely sets up a government but is also an instrument for building the larger society of which government is merely a part. 14 Establish a Government. This phrase was carried on by both 1935 and 1973 constitutions in their respective preambles. One of the major intentions in drafting a institution is to establish a government that would regulate both internal and external affairs of the state and has complete autonomy in the eyes of the establishment of this structure: 1. Embody our Ideals and Aspirations.This refers to the primary responsibility of the government in advancing people's interests and not its own selfish political agendas because the powers of the same emanates from the governed per SE. 2 . Promote the Common Good. â€Å"General welfare† was used in both 1935 and 1973 texts but it was agreed by the 1986 Constitutional Commission that â€Å"common good† would supplant it in the new constitution. The rationale is found in the implication of the former phrase as the greater good of the majority and not the greater good of all components of society. Thus, â€Å"good† must be common to all. 3.Conserve and Develop Our Patrimony. â€Å"Patrimony' is so extensive when we speak of its scope since it includes everything that is rightfully owned by the people both material (resources) and immaterial (customs and traditions) ones. The government must see to it that these valued belongings of the nation must be preserved, conserved and developed. 4. Securing the Blessings of Independence and Democracy. This particular segment is not totally similar to the 1935 Constitution because the previous organic laws preamble only mentioned â€Å"the blessing of indep endence† in the third person point of view.This scenario suggests the Philippines' status during the American occupation which is still preparing to accomplish the colossal goal of self-rule. As seen in the current version, â€Å"democracy was already inserted in order to mirror the fact that the country is already a separate and independent state observing the principles of Republicanism and Democracy. In addition, this phrase is accompanied by the word â€Å"posterity' to stress out that the securing of the blessings of independence and democracy' extends even up to the eras of the next generations.Dating and Campanile also emphasized that the government established must also operate under the following conditions: 1. Under the Rule of Law. The created â€Å"medium of the state† must follow and be guided by the laws of the land. It bolsters the principle that â€Å"ours is a government of laws and not of men† which means that no person or institution is above the law. 2. Under the Regime of Truth, Justice, Freedom, Love, Equality and Peace. â€Å"Justice† and â€Å"liberty' were enshrined in the 1935 text while peace† and â€Å"equality' were added in the 1973 Constitution. What is new in the 1987 document is the inclusion of the words â€Å"truth† and â€Å"love. Truth was incorporated in order to impart to the readers of the Constitution how dismaying and hateful the acts committed by the previous administration (Marco's) in plunging the public into the pool of myriad lies. On the other hand, love symbolized the successful staging of the bloodless revolution against the iron rule of a dictator. THE NATIONAL TERRITORY Territorial Jurisdiction of the Philippines Territory is one of the four elements of the state and Just like the effect of the cinematic of people, destruction of the government, and loss of sovereignty, without it, the existence of the state would be in huge peril.Thus, it is important for a state integrity. As expounded by Article 1, the general scope of the national territory of the Republic of the Philippines includes: 1. The Philippine Archipelago. It is generally understood that the Philippine archipelago is the aggregate of the major island groupings namely Luzon, Visas, and Mindanao. An archipelago whose etymology originates from the Greek word appeals(meaning composed of several islands or groups of islands surrounded by water. Tracing the national territory provisions of the 1935 Constitution, the â€Å"Philippine archipelago' also covers: a.The whole Philippine territory ceded by Spain to the United States of America via the Treaty of Paris which was contracted between the two parties on the 10th of December, 1898. B. Subunit Islands and Canaan De Sulk which were clarified by the Treaty of Washington that was signed on November 7, 1900. C. Turtle and Manages Islands through the Convention between the United States of America and Great Britain whose purpose was to d elimit the boundary between the Philippine archipelago and North Borneo. The said convention was signed on January 2, 1930. . Philippine Waters. â€Å"Waters† in this sense applies to all the water forms found in the entirety of the territory. Due to the nature of the Philippines as an archipelago state, the waters embracing its islands (internal waters) are also considered as vital parts of its territorial control. Moreover, the term includes the territorial sea, contiguous zone, and Exclusive Economic Zones (ZEE). 3. Other Territories. These â€Å"other territories over which the Philippines exercises sovereignty or Jurisdiction† entail the inclusion of the allowing: a.The islands of Battles as reflected by the clause â€Å"all territory over which the present government of the Philippine Islands exercises Jurisdiction†16 in the 1935 Constitution. B. Those realms belonging to the Philippines based on historical right or legal title, such as Saba in Northern Bo rneo, enshrined in Article 1 of the 1973 fundamental law. On a more specific perspective, the territorial Jurisdiction of the Philippines is comprised of three kinds of domain namely: 1 .The terrestrial domain corresponds to the Philippine landmass and land forms making up the whole archipelago such as mountains, hills, valleys, volcanoes, islands and islets, etc. Furthermore, this domain embraces the natural and mineral resources found in (floras and faunas) and below (subsoil) the land surface. 2. On the other side, fluvial domain relates to the national waters enclosed by the archipelago baseline and the expanse of water located outside of the same marker. It also incorporates the seabed, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. A.National waters include the water forms situated within the Philippine landmass like lakes, falls, rivers, canals, bays and treats as well as the internal waters identified by the archipelago doctrine. I. Archipelago Doctrine is a generally accep ted principle in International Law that is being incorporated and can be found in the last part of the National Territory provision. It states that â€Å"the waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines. This doctrine is usually applicable to those states whose territory is archipelago in nature such as the Philippines, Indonesia, and Japan. It solidifies the fact that in the case of archipelago states, the islands, even though separated by bodies of water, will still be treated as a â€Å"single integral geographical and political unit. â€Å"17 ii. Straight Baseline Method is the most commonly baseline method which follows the contours of the landmass, it is done by determining the outermost points of the archipelago and connecting such points with straight lines producing an irregular polygon.The waters within the baselines shall be considered as internal w aters; while the breadth of the territorial sea shall then be measured from the baselines. 18 iii. The Constitution treats the waters inside the baseline as internal waters but International Law through the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOGS) considers it as archipelago waters. In the eyes of the municipal law, no foreign vessels can enter the internal waters without the state's consent. On the other side of the scale, International Law recognizes that foreign vessels may navigate the archipelago waters in the exercise of involuntary entrance only.Passage is innocent as long as a ship refrains from engaging in certain prohibited activities which includes but not limited to weapons jesting, spying, smuggling, serious pollution, fishing, or scientific research. 19 Involuntary Entrance refers to emergency scenarios wherein a foreign vessel enters territorial waters by reason of lack of provisions, ship is incapable of continuing the voyage, weather disturbances, e tc. B. Outside the baseline, one can find the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEE), maritime areas, and the open sea. I.The dimensions and measurements of the first three are also determined by the UNCLOGS, an international agreement which was partaken by the Philippines as one of the signatory states. It. The territorial sea or waters is about 12 nautical miles from the baseline. The coastal state exercises full sovereignty and Jurisdiction over this area; yet foreign ships can enter it on account of the right of innocent passage and involuntary entrance. Iii. Another 12 nautical miles from the baseline of the territorial sea is the contiguous zone where territorial Jurisdiction of the coastal state is not absolute.Even though control is limited in this area, the coastal state is still entitled to â€Å"prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea. 20 In addition , hot pursuit can still be conducted in this zone. ‘v. Just like the previous zone, the Exclusive Economic Zone or ZEE (about 200 nautical miles from the archipelago baseline) is also not a solid component of the national territory of the Philippines.What is significant about this area is that the coastal state has the right to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage the natural and mineral reserves as well as install structures and conduct marine scientific research within its maritime dominion. V. Maritime areas include the seabed, the subsoil beneath the seabed, and the insular shelves which are redundantly found within the areas of the territorial seas, contiguous zones and the ZEE. V'. The high seas also known as international waters or open seas are definitely beyond the Jurisdiction of the coastal state.