Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay - 2424 Words

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Education To begin with, there are three basic components to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. The three main components are schemas, adaptation processes, and stages of development (McLeod, 2009, p. 1). Piaget’s theory made an huge impact on the education system. Piaget started studying cognitive development after he became intrigued with the reasons of why children gave wrong answers to questions that required logical thinking (McLeod, 2009, p. 1). Piaget was also the first psychologist to make a planned study of cognitive development (McLeod, 2009, p. 1). Piaget changed the way people thought about children thinkers. This lead to major changes into schools. This also caused teachers to reevaluate the way that they taught. Piaget’s contribution to society should be greatly appreciated by people in the educational system. Without Piaget’s theory, we may not have been able to make greater feats in the education system. First of all, schemas describe the way a person thinks. Schemas are used in everyday life even though we might not know about it. Piaget describes schema as the building blocks of intelligent behavior (McLeod, 2009, p. 1). These building blocks or schemas can be used by teachers to help boost children intelligent if done correctly. Schemas can be described as mental representation of the world in which people apply their understanding onto a matter or situation. An example of a schema is that all animals withShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1289 Words   |  6 Pagesare many great cognitive theorists, but the one that comes to mind is a development psychologist by the name of Jean Piaget. One of his prized declaration was in 1934, where he declared that education is capable of saving our society from collapsing whether its violent or gradual. Piaget had a key effect on education and psychology, and because of that effect he made many contributions to learning and to cognition. One of most important contribution was a model that was made by Piaget. This modelRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Development Theory1077 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Piaget (1957), cognitive development was a continuous restructuring of mental processes due to varied situations and experiencing the world and maturing biologically. His view of cognitive development would have us look inside a child’s head and glimpse the inborn process of change that thinking goes through. â€Å"He was mainly interested in the biological influences on â€Å"how we come to know’† (Huitt and Hummel, 2003). Piaget’s views helps us to have appropriate expectations about children’sRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1813 Words   |  8 Pages ECH-130 Sociocultural Tables LLlllll Cognitive Development Definition Examples of Application of Concept Strategies to Support and/or Assess Learning Birth to Age 5/Pre-K Piaget Sensorimotor stage: :the first stage Piaget uses to define cognitive development. During this period, infants are busy discovering relationships between their bodies and the environment. Researchers have discovered that infants have relatively well developed sensory abilities An infant who recently learned how to rollRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Theory And Cognitive Development1494 Words   |  6 Pages 1) Examine how Piaget’s cognitive theory can help to explain the child’s behavior. Piaget confirms â€Å"Each cognitive stage represents a fundamentally new psychological reorganization resulting from maturation of new functions and abilities† (as in Greene, 2009, p.144). The case Vignette describes Victors’ stages of development through Piaget’s stages of cognitive development as exhibited behavior that occurred during the sensorimotor, preoperational, as established areas. Victor experienced a normalRead MorePiaget s Theory On Cognitive Development1449 Words   |  6 Pagesstrengths and weaknesses of Piaget’s theory on cognitive development. It will focus on Piaget’s work highlighting positive attributes and how they’re being applied in modern day and also delve on key limitations of the theory. Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who was interested on why children would give similar but wrong answers in an intelligence test (Vidal, 1994). Based on his observations, he concluded that children undergo sequential cognitive d evelopment patterns which occur in defined stagesRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development969 Words   |  4 Pages20th century, the development of psychology is constantly expanding. Erikson and Piaget are two of the ealier well known theorist, both being significant in the field. Their belief s are outlined in Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory and Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory. These theories, both similar and different, have a certain significance as the stages are outlined.Erikson and Piaget were similar in their careers and made huge progressions in child development and education. WithRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 Pagesrelates to both Piaget and Vygotskian theories in the sense that they describe how the child s mind develops through different forms of stimuli that occur during early childhood. Piaget s theory focuses mainly on things such as; how children think; how the world around them is perceived and how th e newly found information is explained through the language they use. Vygotsky s theory however differs as the effects of different forms of social interaction occur in cognitive development such as; internalisation;Read MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1111 Words   |  5 PagesPiaget’s theory of cognitive development Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was based around his belief that children will develop their intelligence through a series of stages: Sensorimotor (birth – 2yrs), Preoperational (2-7yrs), Concrete Operational (7-11yrs) and Formal Operational (11+). He believed these stages to be invariant, the same stages taking place in a fixed order, and universal, the same for every child regardless of their background or culture. (McLeod, 2015) Piaget believedRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1790 Words   |  8 PagesCognitive developmental theories provide a framework for understanding about how children act and perceive the world. However, every theory has both strengths and weaknesses. A certain theory may explain one aspect of cognitive development very well, but poorly address or completely ignore other aspects that are just as important. Two well known theories of cognitive development are Piaget’s stage theory and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. As I plan to be a pediatric nurse, these two theories willRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1325 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget developed a systematic study of cognitive development. He conducted a theory that all children are born with a basic mental structure. He felt that their mental structure is genetically inherited and their learning evolved from subsequent learning and knowledge. Piaget’s theory is differ ent from other theories and he was the first to study a child’s learning by using a systematic study of cognitive development. His theory was only concerning the learning of children, their development

Play Analysis Oedipus the King - 1353 Words

Oedipus the King is one of the most representative plays of ancient Greek theater and has contributed greatly to the development of the theatrical concept and influenced the writing techniques to this day. Sophocles made use of a story that was well known for the Greek audience in the 4th century BC. The subject is rather complex for the time and focuses on the tragedy of a man from Thebes, a Greek city, who becomes king after a series of events that lead to the salvation of the city from the curse of Sphinx. The tragedy however unfolds once Oedipus finds out that it was he who had murdered the previous king who was his father and in fact marrying the queen meant marrying his own mother. As a result he inflicts injuries to himself and leaves the city in shame and despair. The elements used by Sophocles in the play to develop the subject and his characters underline that fate is inevitable. Sophocles in his depiction of the story makes use of several techniques and means of expression s that provide the audience with the sense of drama and despair being felt by the main characters of the play. Ancient Greece was always considered the cradle of the theatrical creation particularly because of the writing techniques that were developed by playwrights such as Sophocles, Euripides, or Seneca. However, in the case of Oedipus Rex, the plot together with the techniques of foreshadowing, tragic flaw, or irony, regardless of their type, provide consistency and strength to the subjectShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Play Oedipus The King 963 Words   |  4 Pagesoptions, Knowledge enables bigger and better weapons. A sense of higher status. Very often will you find knowledge allows one to recognize opportunity. One character in the play Oedipus the King, Tiresias carries a great sense of knowledge. That he knows how to stay humble with. Which does not lead to his downfall unlike Oedipus the King.†¨ Knowledge means one has the resources to obtain and be flexible with useful and informative information in order to become well informed citizens who can make intelligentRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King 1127 Words   |  5 Pages For A Life Of Regrets Oedipus the King is a play written by Sophocles. Oedipus is the main figure and legend of Sophocles play. After Oedipus birth into the world, his father King Laius of Thebes heard from a prophet that his own child was destined to kill him. Sophocles play begins from past to present and starts to unravel the journeys Oedipus goes through. Oedipus isn t an evil character as one would think while reading the story. He neverRead MoreOedipus the King by Sophocles1393 Words   |  6 Pages Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, has risen many questions concerning the main character and whether or not he acts on free will or if his future is predestined by the gods. I am going to test the theory that although Oedipus believes he is acting on his own free will, he is in fact a victim of the gods. I will analyze several different sources that discuss fate and human agency in Oedipus the King and then proceed to build my original argument on the archaic debate. There has been a great dealRead MoreHamlet vs. Oedipus Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis of Prince Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Oedipus in Oedipus King by Sophocles In Aristotles literary discourse, Poetics, he discusses his theory of tragedy, wherein he introduces the concepts of tragic flaw or hamartia, which serves as the catalyst for the protagonists downfall or the tragedy of the story to happen. He determines a tragedy as a drama that brings about a sorrowful conclusion, arousing fear and pity in the audience (Roberts and JacobsRead MoreSexism In Oedipus The King1395 Words   |  6 Pagestragedy, Oedipus the King, is not sexist. The prominent play portrays both men and women justly. The events presented by Sophocles exemplifies a level of admiration and respect for women that was not ordinary in ancient Greece. This is predominantly achieved through the dialogue of Jocasta and Oedipus, illustrating a corresponding relationship. In addition, the behavior of Jocasta, analysis of other literature, as well as the bad fortune of the male characters reaffirm that the Oedipus the King is notRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Oedipus The King1025 Wo rds   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis: Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is a tragic play showing a shift from the belief of fate to freedom of choice. Therefore, Oedipus the king is a great example of those who run from fate ends up fulfilling their fate After reading this type of tragic play â€Å"Oedipus the King† written by Sophocles you can see that the author did a very outstanding form of presenting a tragedy that has the characteristics of mimesis and a tragic hero. Specifically, the writer written the play thatRead MoreOedipus Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesThis analysis of Oedipus’s character shows how Oedipus, the protagonist and the antagonist against himself, dealt with unfortunate situations which sealed his fate. Oedipus was a strange round character that was really interesting and mysterious. Oedipus’s life was a good example of a true Greek tragedy; he worked himself up to be a great king and ultimately in the end he died with only his perception on life. Oedipus was once a man of power who falls impoverished. He goes from having much respectRead MoreOedipus The King As A Tragic Hero Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesgreatest dramas of all time, Sophocles’ play Oedipus the King follows the t ragic life of Oedipus, king of Thebes. Considered a Satyr play, the Oedipus trilogy is perhaps the most famous of Sophocles’ plays. Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy that was first performed somewhere around 429 BC in Athens, Greece. Originally, the Greeks referred to the play as simply â€Å"Oedipus,† as that was what Aristotle referred to it as in the Poetics. Perhaps what makes this play so memorable, is Sophocles’ uses ofRead MoreReligion In Oedipus The King1012 Words   |  5 PagesIn Oedipus, the King, the main character, Oedipus, starts the play in the highest prestige, he is the King of Thebes and is held in high regard to almost all citizens for his prosperous reign. By the end of the play, Oedipus is vilified by his citizens and almost all the people of Thebes. I argue that Oedipus’ downfall is directly linked to his rejection of religious guidance and omens; namely, the Gods and the oracle. One could argue that no divine entity openly a cts out toward Oedipus, howeverRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Oedipus The King1419 Words   |  6 Pages26 September, 2017 Ignorance Can Lead to Great Agony Plays were of great importance in early Greek culture. Plays were the main source of entertainment, and one of the most prominent examples is Oedipus the King written by Sophocles. The drama is uplifted by the character development and excellent structure Sophocles has put forward. Interactions between characters and each character’s motivations generate brilliant themes throughout the play. Sophocles uses a technique called recognition, which

Cuba Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Cuba Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; Kennedy # 8217 ; s Fixation with Cuba # 8221 ; Thomas G. Paterson Thomas G. Paterson # 8217 ; s try, # 8220 ; Kennedy # 8217 ; s Fixation with Cuba, # 8221 ; is an essay chiefly based on the contention and times of President Kennedy # 8217 ; s foreign dealingss with Cuba. Throughout President Kennedy # 8217 ; s short term, he devoted the bulk of his clip to the foreign dealingss between Cuba and the Soviet Union. After the battle of WW II, John F. Kennedy tried to maintain a tight strong clasp over Cuba as to non allow Cuba turn to the Communist Soviet Union. Kennedy seen Cuba and the Soviet Union as a major menace to the United States. As Castro fell farther and farther into the Communist party, he inched his manner closer and closer to going a close ally with the Soviet # 8217 ; s, As Kennedy seen this happen before his eyes, he was astonished. Kennedy, a freshly formed president, did non desire to look like the sort to merely sit back and axial rotation with the clouts, he wanted immediate action taken for these steps. # 8220 ; As person said, Cuba was one of the four-letter words of the 1960s # 8221 ; ( 268 ) . Cuba was non viewed as a really possible power before Fidel Castro took office. It was viewed more as a impersonal state that we sent aide and military supplies to in exchange for sugar and other merchandises. When Castro took office, things drastically changed. He started taking back land that we had set aside for military bases, he wanted the American forces no more than what they had in Washington, and he openly defied orders from America. Unknown to Kennedy Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union, was besides watching everything that played out between Cuba and the United States. President Kennedy, subsequently recognizing, would do a few determinations for the worst. These determinations would stalk him for the remainder of his short lived term. Throughout the class of President Kennedy # 8217 ; s term the few bad errors that he made would come back to stalk him. One such even that put a black grade on Kennedy # 8217 ; s record was the whole Cuba rebellion. At one point and clip, as Kennedy was a senator, supported the Cuban rebellion along with many other American # 8217 ; s. They thought the rebellion was a solid betterment over the oppressive regulation of Batista. No where in this line of sight did anybody see the new authorities going Communist. As Castro took over Cuba, he became progressively extremist in his positions and actions. When these actions came approximately, cipher of all time suspected that the U.S. might be the 1s that forced or led Castro to go the extremist leader. The President rejected the thought that intense United States ill will to the Cuban Revolution may hold contributed to Castro # 8217 ; s fastening political clasp and flirting with the Soviet Union. Nor did Kennedy and other American # 8217 ; s with to admit the mensurable benefits of the revolution? betterments in instruction, medical, attention, and lodging and the riddance of the island # 8217 ; s ill-famed corruptness that one time had been the American mafia # 8217 ; s domain. Alternatively, Kennedy functionaries concluded that Cuba # 8217 ; s was a? betrayed revolution # 8217 ; ( Paterson 269 ) . As the revolution unfolded twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, it seemed as if we were non so much worried about Cuba itself, but the fact that everything has a tie in with the Cold War. The Soviets were seeking to spread out their skylines across the Earth and Cuba was another chance for the Soviet # 8217 ; s to step in and offer adjutant, military, and support in return for Cuba # 8217 ; s Communism. # 8220 ; Cuba came to stand for the Cold War in the united States # 8217 ; backyard # 8221 ; ( Paterson 270 ) . Some people felt that Kennedy was non all responsible for the problem with Cuba. A batch of people believed that the bulk of the job from Cuba started with President Eisenhower. Kennedy # 8217 ; s foreign policy problems have sometimes been explained as heritages from Eisenhower that shackled the new president with jobs non of his ain devising. To be certain, Kennedy inherited the Cuban job from Eisenhower ( Paterson 272 ) . Another event that was a enormous recoil for the Kennedy disposal was the Bay of Pigs. The Bay of Pigs was a covert operation that was organized by the CIA to subvert Castro. From the really beginning, the Bay of Pigs was taking to be a catastrophe. The U.S. even tried to lie to the populace to maintain the consciousness of the U.S. bombardment of Cuba down. The U.S. staged a pilot to wing a B-26 into Miami to state that he had escaped Cuba and bombed the landing fields, in which we did ourselves. We organized this # 8220 ; cover-up # 8221 ; so that it did non look as if America was tampering. The first existent onslaught from the Bay of Pigs came on April 17, 1961. Kennedy sent in a group of Cuban refugees that had been forte trained to contend. Thesiss refugees were sent back to Cuba to hopefully stir an tumult in the other belowground refugees that were still in Cuba. As they neared the beaches of Bahia de Cochinos, the Cuban reserves was really present. Some of the rangers neer even made it to the beach because of the coral that was in the H2O. The coral shredded legion boats before they could even acquire to the shore line. The little ground forces non merely hit down planes but they besides sank ships critical to the patterned advance of the invasion. These ships carried communicating equipment, ammo, and supplies for the military personnels. After this incident was said and done Castro boasted that he was winning and the American # 8217 ; s did non look so good. # 8220 ; With Castro # 8217 ; s touting the mercenarios had been foiled, the concluding toll was inexorable: 114 of the expatriate brig ade dead and 1,189 captured. A chill settled over the White House† ( Paterson 272 ) . It was really difficult for the incrimination to be put on one individual for the Bay of Pigs Failure. The incrimination was shifted from individual to individual and so eventually came to rest on the CIA when they took full duty for it. # 8220 ; Failures in intelligence, operations, decision-making, and opinion doomed the Bay of Pigs set abouting # 8221 ; ( Paterson 274 ) . After the Bay of Pigs passing, other covert operations were put into consequence. Such operations included blackwash efforts on Castro by the CIA. # 8220 ; The CIA devised new secret plans to kill Castro. Poisonous cigars, pills, and acerate leafs were directed Castro # 8217 ; s manner, but to no help # 8221 ; ( Paterson 276 ) . Kennedy had made an premise that there could be no covering with Castro. He believed that there was no room for Cuba to be a neighbour, or at least when ruled by Castro, to the United States. Other such secret plans against Cuba included corrupting other states to undermine the goods that were be manufactured for Cuba. Through this whole clip, the U.S. did non recognize the extent that they were doing Cuba to make. By undermining the goods and corrupting other states, there was still one state still on their side, the Soviet Union. Cuba retaliated by trusting more to a great extent on the Soviet # 8217 ; s to provide them with their indispensable demands. Another such crisis that erupted with great fright was the Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the most feared menace that had happened against the U.S. under Kennedy. The missile crisis began on October 14, 1961 when a U-2 undercover agent plane took undercover agent exposure over Cuba and noticed the building of missile silos. Now this grounds was the first # 8220 ; difficult # 8221 ; proof that they had. There had been rumours of the missile sites being constructed but no grounds to back up the theory. The whole beginning of the crisis can be based back on the tenseness between the Soviet # 8217 ; s, America, and Cuba. The Soviet # 8217 ; s gave the Cuban # 8217 ; s missile to endorse them incase that we did occupy Cuba. # 8220 ; The beginnings of the missile crisis, in other words, derived mostly from United States? Cuban tensions # 8221 ; ( Paterson 278 ) . In a manner the whole ordeal was a dual criterion. We had merely turned over control of the Jupiter Missile s to Turkey that twelvemonth. The Soviet # 8217 ; s besides felt threatened by the missiles being in Turkey, but we would non digest any missile near us what so of all time. Then the joging treatment turned to Khrushchev # 8217 ; s motive. The Russian leader had been cautious on Berlin, Kennedy said. ? It # 8217 ; s merely as if we all of a sudden began to set a major figure or MRBMs in Turkey, # 8217 ; the President went on. ? Now that # 8217 ; d be goddamn dangerous. # 8221 ; Bundy jumped in: ? Well, we did, Mr. President. # 8217 ; Not wishing the sound of a dual criterion, Kennedy lamely answered, ? Yeah, but that was five old ages ago. # 8217 ; Actually the American Jupiter missiles in Turkey, under a 1959 understanding with Ankara, were put into launch place in mid-1961? during the Kennedy Administration? and non turned over to the Turkish forces until October 22, 1962, the really twenty-four hours Kennedy informed Moscow that it must retreat its SS-4 or medium-range missiles from Cuba. ( Paterson 279 ) . The Cuban Missile Crisis struck fright into the bosom of many U.S. functionaries. The President came up with an thought to halt the farther building of the missiles. He decided to implement a naval encirclement. The naval encirclement stopped all ships coming into Cuba for review of the necessary stuffs required to complete the missile sights. The U.S. had anticipated a possible revenge of the ships, but to our surprise, the ships merely turned about and headed back to the Soviet Union. Later, the Soviet # 8217 ; s sent a Soviet embassy officer to the U.S. to discourse dialogues of the remotion of the missile silos. The basic construction for remotion of the missile included that they would take all missiles, if and merely if, we promised non to occupy Cuba. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; the Soviet Union would retreat the missile if the United States would assure non to occupy Cuba # 8221 ; ( Paterson 281 ) . Subsequently even still, Khrushchev sent a 2nd notice that stated that he would mer chandise the missiles in Cuba for the 1s in Turkey. In other words, if we disposed of the 1s in Turkey so he would take the 1s in Cuba. Ultimately we did take to accept these guidelines, and all missiles were removed. Throughout the class of the Kennedy Administration, there were enormous convulsion that rocked the whole foundation of the presidential term. The Bay of Pigs was a catastrophe before it was even off the land. The CIA did non be after out the invasion plenty to win in a successful triumph. The bulk of the incrimination went onto Kennedy # 8217 ; s record as non being the 1 that had planned it out and non giving the spell in front for the 2nd air foray. It was subsequently proven that no affair what the result of the 2nd air foray would hold been, it would non hold mattered. The CIA besides released a papers taking the full duty and incrimination for the incident at the Bay of Pigs. The Cuban Missile Crisis non merely worried the U.S. but besides worried the remainder of the universe as to how it would turn out. The Soviet # 8217 ; s backed Cuba as an ally and fed them missiles and the supplies to construct the missile silos in Cuba. The Soviet # 8217 ; s said they did this as a cou nter step incase we did in fact invade Cuba. Between these two major struggles of the clip, it can be said that the two states were non combating over Cuba in itself, but more or less combating over the belief of Communism.

Comparative Paper on Perfect Sunday free essay sample

The Second Joyful Mystery Ding-dong. As I lazily got up to answer the door of the short stories in my hand, I was surprised to see a blind man, named Robert and a long lost grandson, named Jorge. Perfect Sunday by Jose Ayala and Cathedral by Raymond Carver both revolves around the host-visitor dynamic. Raymond Carvers Cathedral revolves around the interaction of the character of the husband and his wifes long time blind friend, Robert and Jose Ayalas Perfect Sunday delves into Jorges visit to his grandmother. As both pairs of characters engage in small talk they are able to reconnect, establish new ties and iscover more of themselves. The characters of the short stories will be cross-examined with each other. First would be visitor to visitor then host to host, Jorge to Robert and Dona Santos to the husband. Then Jorge will be compared to the husband and Dona Santos will be compared to Robert. Through this we can discover the deeper ideas both short stories possess. Jorge and Robert are both the visitors in the short stories. Both characters appear to be unconventional to the host characters. The husband and Dona Santos are in a way traditional and conservative. In Cathedral the husband was at first not very comfortable with Robert visiting. Aside from Robert being a complete stranger, the husband was not at ease about the idea that Robert was blind. The husband had a lot of preconceived notions about how blind men behaved and looked like. The thought that Robert married an African-American woman came as a shock to him. He even reacted quite violently. Her name was Beulah. Beulah! Thats a name of a colored woman. Was his wife a Negro? I asked. He also was surprised when he saw Robert with a beard and without a cane or a pair of glasses. He was even taken aback with the way Robert ate. l watched with admiration as he used his knife and fork on the meat. In Perfect Sunday Dona Santos is the typical grandmother. According to the text she is of traditional Spanish descent. She is very conservative. Jorges lifestyle seems to be quite not ideal to her. When Jorge took out a cigarette Dona Santos eyed Jorge quizzically. Dona Santos looked at the cigarette, then at Jorge. She also seemed to be a little disappointed that Jorge is a musician. She seemed to have approved more on Jorges cousin, Leo who was a taking up business administration nd was disappointed when she heard that he was not able to finish school. The visitor characters represent the unusual in the society each of the short stories exist in. They also represent change and reform in the society. The host characters symbolize the norm and the tradition the society upholds. In both short stories the contrasting of these ideas are present. Both selections also look into how the concept of change and tradition can help shape the characters. Jorge and the husband are very much alike. Both characters have that tendency to election when he was observing the passersby. This trait is apparent to the husband with regard to how he perceives and treats Robert. Both characters are not in tuned to their religious beliefs. Jorges refusal to attend mass and even claiming that doing so will ruin his perfect Sunday is proof to this. The husbands prayer during their dinner was done Jokingly and even bordering on mockery. When asked by Robert whether he was religious or not, he explicitly answered l guess I dont believe in it. Dona Santos and Robert can be put next to each other. Both these characters are the eligious or spiritual influence in the other characters lives. Dona Santos beliefs are more explicitly stated. Roberts can be considered as more spiritual. These characters serve as the catalysts for change in their co-characters. Dona Santos sense of religiousness and spirituality influenced Jorge in a Juvenile and very childlike way, the way a little boy is disciplined by his grandmother for not going to mass or rewarded for behaving well in the liturgy. Through this, although very superficial, Jorge was able to grasp a ritualistic and cultural concept of religion and his grandmothers beliefs. I found the husbands and Roberts spiritual enlightenment quite problematic, because both of them were high on marijuana when they engaged in the activity. This may be so, but in a way Robert was also able to help awaken and reconnect the husbands character to himself. Both selections had religious references in them, specifically with cathedrals. In Perfect Sunday, cathedral was used to describe Jorges state of being, Feeling again like a vast and empty cathedral. As for Cathedral, the cathedral served as a vessel for the enlightenment and awakening of the husband. The cathedrals can also ymbolize how the characters perceive religion and ultimately their lives. For Jorge religion is very tradition based. With his grandmothers influence, religion is an obligation and not devotion. So when his grandmother asked him if he went to mass his mind went into this trance-like, echoing and empty state. What Jorge knows of religion is its structure and like a cathedral, its vast hollowness. As for the husbands experience, the cathedral, at first, amplified his unfamiliarity with religion. But what the story promotes is that when the husband begins to open his mind to what Robert as to say and looks at things in a different way; profound, transcendent and unexpected experiences arise.